<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6010651104295445490</id><updated>2011-12-16T23:40:09.405-08:00</updated><category term='linux'/><category term='windows'/><category term='audio'/><category term='language'/><category term='jobs'/><category term='installation'/><category term='BSNL'/><category term='devotional'/><category term='andhra pradesh'/><category term='web'/><category term='cricket'/><category term='art of living'/><title type='text'>www.lobely.blogspot.com</title><subtitle type='html'></subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><link rel='next' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default?start-index=101&amp;max-results=100'/><author><name>prashanth Kumar Rachamalla</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='25' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/Sj9gYKvQYTI/AAAAAAAADg8/O1VIKRxTEJM/S220/cooltext400945784.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>123</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6010651104295445490.post-2920812357093059972</id><published>2009-09-22T05:36:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-09-22T05:39:46.007-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='web'/><title type='text'>online php course training classes in dilsukhnagar, hyderabad, india</title><content type='html'>WEBSOFT -Software Development &amp;amp; Leading Training center in dilsukhnagar, Hyderabad, india.&lt;br /&gt;we are offering excellent Online php training classes from our Organization.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- The training would be on XAMPP latest version with the latest PHP&lt;br /&gt;   and MySQL softwares.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- You would be provided with excellent study material with some live real time examples,&lt;br /&gt;    case studies.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1, Training on php 5.3 (latest Version).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2, Special Session on Upgradation changes from PHP5.0 to PHP 6.0 Version&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3, PHP trainer is a developer from WEBSOFT, Hyderabad.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4, Domain Experience of 2 years in PHP.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5, Duration of the Course is 30 days.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;6, Short-Term Courses and week-end batches(saturday &amp;amp; sunday) were also available.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;7, Study material consists of theoretical concepts  &amp;amp; complete practical concepts involving the designing techniques of Real-time projects.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;8, Assistance in the installation of XAMPP in your PC or Laptop (One special session)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;9, Batch Restricted to 5 Candidates Only.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;10, Integration with MySQL in PHP is covered in the MySQL concepts session.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Contents:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    * php Introduction&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    * php Basics&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    * php terminology&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    * php Conditionals and loops&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    * php Functions&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    * php Arrays&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    * php Dynamic Designing&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    * HTML forms using php&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    * Sending E-mail using php&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    * php sessions&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    * mysql basics&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    * php Project designing and development&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   For more details  on online php training contact Mr.Harsha   at &lt;a href="mailto:harsha@thewebsoft.com"&gt;harsha@thewebsoft.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   or call to +91-9701935333.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  or visit the company at &lt;a href="http://thewebsoft.com"&gt;http://www.thewebsoft.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6010651104295445490-2920812357093059972?l=lobely.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/feeds/2920812357093059972/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6010651104295445490&amp;postID=2920812357093059972' title='9 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/2920812357093059972'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/2920812357093059972'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/2009/09/online-php-course-training-classes-in.html' title='online php course training classes in dilsukhnagar, hyderabad, india'/><author><name>prashanth Kumar Rachamalla</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='25' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/Sj9gYKvQYTI/AAAAAAAADg8/O1VIKRxTEJM/S220/cooltext400945784.gif'/></author><thr:total>9</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6010651104295445490.post-8475741838449007203</id><published>2009-08-21T11:25:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-08-21T11:25:20.929-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='andhra pradesh'/><title type='text'>mallanna telugu movie review and story</title><content type='html'>Cast: Vikram, Shriya, Krishna, Prabhu, Brahmanandam, Ashish Vidyarthi, Mukesh Tiwari, Mumait Khan and others.&lt;br /&gt;Action: Chatrapathi Shakti.&lt;br /&gt;Art: Padmashri Thota Tharani.&lt;br /&gt;Cinematography: NK Ekambaram.&lt;br /&gt;Editing: Praveen KL &amp; Srikanth KB.&lt;br /&gt;Lyrics: Sahithi.&lt;br /&gt;Music: Devisri Prasad.&lt;br /&gt;Presenter: V Creations Kalaipuli S. Thanu.&lt;br /&gt;Story, Screenplay, &amp; Director: Susi Ganeshan.&lt;br /&gt;Release Date: August 21, 2009&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Vikram and Shriya After all that hype and numerous delays, Mallanna is finally here. If it had released right after the hit Aparichitudu, it would have gotten a different reaction. As it is, a lot of curiousity has been aroused-what took so long to make? After Gentleman and Shivaji, this is another movie on Black Money. While Bharatiyudu was essentially about bribes and Aparichitudu on corruption, and the former had a freedom fighter and the latter an multiple personality disorder (MPD) patient, Mallanna has an honest cop who raids rich homes and with a gang of poor childhood pals all of them now in the department, gives it to the poor a la Robin Hood. He comes in the guise of an Avtaar of Lord Shiva, Mallanna, with an elaborate super hero costume and feathers.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;He has his reasons for the set-up and while he is scrupulous, he isn't omnipotent. People who pray to the village deity write letters and tie it to a tree outside the temple. With a whole crew working for this cause, the letters are brought, read and acted upon and black money goes back to the public. Logically unattainable? Oh yeah? When was the last time we met someone who got bitten by a spider and started jumping off scrapers without injury? It's fiction so view it as such.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It's not without its faults. Parts of it look outdated. Shirya is Subba Laxmi, a spoilt rich kid whose father is paralysed due to a raid by Mallanna-IPS, and she seeks revenge and the duo have a love-hate relationship trying to outwit each other and pretending to be in love. Sometimes those parts drag, along with Brahmanandam who is wasted in a series of not-so-funny sequences where he pretends to be Mallanna. But they spent all this time not for nothing. The script seems to have been reworked and the effect is that it is compact for the most parts and does not drag as a whole.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Vikram's job is not easy, but it is simple. He seems to pick one animal per movie. Like a gorilla or a rooster this time. As Mallanna IPS he is a suave, smug officer, straight-backed, tuck-shirt, aviators. As Mallanna-the-rooster-avataar he's over the top, graceful and clearly enjoying himself even though as an officer he has a permanent "the joke is on you" expression. He has a strong screen presence, and even Shriya in her brief and slightly irritating role with that silly hairdo has a good presence, seems to have grown very confident as an actor and somehow manages to pull off a sensual and grey portrayal like this-a big deviation from looking pretty and acting 'bubbly' or dimwitted. She dances and moves really well, but the music by Devisri Prasad is too repetitive and even the Tamil dubbing sounds off sometimes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The movie has its moments like when you realize that a team of young officers are pulling off a spectacle show for real to scare people or make them believe in the enigmatic God. The black money routing, as shown in Shivaji, is explained again with some real people references (find them). Mallanna using Subba Laxmi to get the password after she cheats him into confessing about his alter nature.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Two of the action sequences are good. Overall, it's an entertaining one-time watch!&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6010651104295445490-8475741838449007203?l=lobely.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/feeds/8475741838449007203/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6010651104295445490&amp;postID=8475741838449007203' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/8475741838449007203'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/8475741838449007203'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/2009/08/mallanna-telugu-movie-review-and-story.html' title='mallanna telugu movie review and story'/><author><name>prashanth Kumar Rachamalla</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='25' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/Sj9gYKvQYTI/AAAAAAAADg8/O1VIKRxTEJM/S220/cooltext400945784.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6010651104295445490.post-2445647005965004096</id><published>2009-08-20T22:46:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-08-20T22:48:50.700-07:00</updated><title type='text'>vizag steel plant management trainee (MT) admit card</title><content type='html'>Admit cards are now available at the below link. The centers are also changed now!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://220.226.203.66/VSP_mtt/reg1.php?q=dbo" target="_blank"&gt;admit card: http://220.226.203.66/VSP_mtt/reg1.php?q=dbo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;information booklet: &lt;a href="http://220.226.203.66/VSP_mtt/info.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;http://220.226.203.66/VSP_mtt/info.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6010651104295445490-2445647005965004096?l=lobely.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/feeds/2445647005965004096/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6010651104295445490&amp;postID=2445647005965004096' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/2445647005965004096'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/2445647005965004096'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/2009/08/vizag-steel-plant-management-trainee-mt.html' title='vizag steel plant management trainee (MT) admit card'/><author><name>prashanth Kumar Rachamalla</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='25' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/Sj9gYKvQYTI/AAAAAAAADg8/O1VIKRxTEJM/S220/cooltext400945784.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6010651104295445490.post-8432254403351679383</id><published>2009-08-19T23:22:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-08-19T23:25:02.929-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='cricket'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='andhra pradesh'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='BSNL'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='web'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='devotional'/><title type='text'>abdul kalam's speech about india, indian's must read article</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'comic sans ms', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ff0000;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;r u really an INDIAN!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'comic sans ms', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ff0000;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;    do u really love ur country! INDIA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'comic sans ms', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ff0000;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;        can u spend 10 min! to know real fact of citizen of INDIA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'comic sans ms', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ff0000;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: xx-large;"&gt;                                   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;like u!!!!! &amp;amp; off course me too,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'comic sans ms';font-size:180%;color:#ff0000;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 18px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'comic sans ms', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#3366ff;"&gt;THE WORDS OF Dr. A.P.J.ABDUL KALAAM   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;div&gt; &lt;div&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt; &lt;table style="width: 101.22%;" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="3" width="100%"&gt; &lt;tbody&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td style="padding: 0.75pt; width: 99.7%;" valign="top" width="99%"&gt; &lt;table style="width: 100%;" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="3" width="100%"&gt; &lt;tbody&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td style="padding: 0.75pt; width: 99.6%;" valign="top" width="99%"&gt; &lt;table style="width: 100%;" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="3" width="100%"&gt; &lt;tbody&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td style="padding: 0.75pt; width: 99.58%;" valign="top" width="99%"&gt; &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;table style="width: 100%;" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="3" width="100%"&gt; &lt;tbody&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td style="padding: 0.75pt; width: 100%;" valign="top" width="100%"&gt; &lt;div&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;table style="width: 100%;" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="3" width="100%"&gt; &lt;tbody&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td style="padding: 0.75pt; width: 100%;" width="100%"&gt; &lt;div&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Courier New;font-size:180%;color:maroon;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 18pt; color: maroon; font-family: 'Courier New';"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;*Please read this article by giving 10 minutes from your busy life. Really good.... ** * &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Comic Sans MS;font-size:130%;color:#003300;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 13.5pt; color: rgb(0, 51, 0); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* The President of India DR. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam 's Speech in Hyderabad .. *&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Comic Sans MS;font-size:130%;color:blue;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 13.5pt; color: blue; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Comic Sans MS;font-size:130%;color:red;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 13.5pt; color: red; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Why is the media here so negative?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Comic Sans MS;font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Why are we in India so embarrassed to recognize our own strengths, our&lt;br /&gt;Achievements? We are such a great nation. We have so many amazing success&lt;br /&gt;Stories but we refuse to acknowledge them. Why?&lt;br /&gt;We are the first in milk production.&lt;br /&gt;We are number one in Remote sensing satellites.&lt;br /&gt;We are the second largest producer of wheat.&lt;br /&gt;We are the second largest producer of rice..&lt;br /&gt;Look at Dr. Sudarshan , he has transferred the tribal village into a&lt;br /&gt;Self-sustaining, self-driving unit. There are millions of such achievements&lt;br /&gt;But our media is only obsessed in the bad news and failures and disasters. I&lt;br /&gt;Was in Tel Aviv once and I was reading the Israeli newspaper. It was the&lt;br /&gt;Day&lt;br /&gt;After a lot of attacks and bombardments and deaths had taken place. The&lt;br /&gt;Hamas had struck. But the front page of the newspaper had the picture of a&lt;br /&gt;Jewish gentleman who in five years had transformed his desert into an orchid&lt;br /&gt;And a granary.   It was this inspiring picture that everyone woke up to. The&lt;br /&gt;Gory details of killings, bombardments, deaths, were inside in the&lt;br /&gt;Newspaper, buried among   other news.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In India we only read about death, sickness, terrorism, crime. Why are we so&lt;br /&gt;NEGATIVE? Another question: Why are we, as a nation so obsessed with foreign&lt;br /&gt;Things? We want foreign T. Vs, we want foreign shirts. We want foreign&lt;br /&gt;Technology.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Why this obsession with everything imported. Do we not realize that&lt;br /&gt;Self-respect comes with self-reliance? I was in Hyderabad giving this&lt;br /&gt;Lecture,&lt;br /&gt;When a 14 year old girl asked me for my autograph. I asked her what her goal&lt;br /&gt;In life is. She replied: I want to live in a developed India .   For her,&lt;br /&gt;You and I will have to build this developed India . You must proclaim. India&lt;br /&gt;Is not an under-developed nation; it is a highly developed   nation. Do you&lt;br /&gt;Have 10 minutes? Allow me to come back with a vengeance.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Got 10 minutes for your country? If yes, then read; otherwise, choice is&lt;br /&gt;Yours.&lt;br /&gt;YOU say that our government is inefficient..&lt;br /&gt;YOU say that our laws are too old.&lt;br /&gt;YOU say that the municipality does not pick up the garbage.&lt;br /&gt;YOU say that the phones don't work, the railways are a joke,&lt;br /&gt;The airline is the worst in the world, mails never reach their destination.&lt;br /&gt;YOU say that our country has been fed to the dogs and is the absolute pits.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;YOU say, say and say. What do YOU do about it?&lt;br /&gt;Take a person on his way to Singapore . Give him a name - YOURS. Give him a&lt;br /&gt;Face - YOURS. YOU walk out of the airport and you are at your International&lt;br /&gt;Best. In Singapore you don't throw cigarette butts on the roads or eat in&lt;br /&gt;The stores. YOU are as proud of their Underground links as they are. You pay&lt;br /&gt;$5 (approx. Rs. 60) to drive through Orchard Road (equivalent of Mahim&lt;br /&gt;Causeway or Pedder Road) between 5 PM and 8 PM. YOU come back to the parking&lt;br /&gt;Lot to punch your parking ticket if you have over stayed in a restaurant or&lt;br /&gt;A shopping mall irrespective of your status identity... In Singapore you&lt;br /&gt;Don't say anything, DO YOU? YOU wouldn't dare to eat in public during&lt;br /&gt;Ramadan, in Dubai . YOU would not dare to go out without your head covered&lt;br /&gt;In Jeddah . YOU would not dare to buy an employee of the telephone exchange&lt;br /&gt;In London at 10 pounds ( Rs.650) a month to, 'see to it that my STD and ISD&lt;br /&gt;Calls are billed to someone else.'YOU would not dare to speed beyond 55 mph&lt;br /&gt;(88 km/h) in Washington and then tell the traffic cop,&lt;br /&gt;'Jaanta hai main kaun hoon (Do you know who I am?). I am so and so's son.&lt;br /&gt;Take your two bucks and get lost.' YOU wouldn't chuck an empty coconut shell&lt;br /&gt;Anywhere other than the garbage pail on the beaches in Australia and New India ?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Once in an interview, the famous Ex-municipal commissioner of Bombay , Mr.&lt;br /&gt;Tinaikar , had a point to make. 'Rich people's dogs are walked on the&lt;br /&gt;streets to leave their affluent droppings all over the place,' he said. 'And&lt;br /&gt;then the same people turn around to criticize and blame the&lt;br /&gt;authorities for inefficiency and dirty pavements. What do they expect the&lt;br /&gt;officers to do? Go down with a broom every time their dog feels the pressure&lt;br /&gt;in his bowels?&lt;br /&gt;In America every dog owner has to clean up after his pet has done the job.&lt;br /&gt;Same in Japan . Will the Indian citizen do that here?' He's right. We go to&lt;br /&gt;the polls to choose a government and after that forfeit all responsibility.&lt;br /&gt;We sit back wanting to be pampered and expect the government to do&lt;br /&gt;everything for us whilst our contribution is totally negative. We expect the&lt;br /&gt;government to clean up but we are not going to stop chucking garbage all&lt;br /&gt;over the place nor are we going to stop to pick a up a stray piece of paper&lt;br /&gt;and throw it in the bin. We expect the railways to provide clean bathrooms&lt;br /&gt;but we are not going to learn the proper use of bathrooms.&lt;br /&gt;We want Indian Airlines and Air America to bask in their&lt;br /&gt;glory and praise their system. When New York becomes insecure we run to&lt;br /&gt;England . When England experiences unemployment, we take the next flight out&lt;br /&gt;to the Gulf. When the Gulf is war struck, we demand to be rescued and&lt;br /&gt;brought home by the Indian government. Everybody is out to abuse and rape&lt;br /&gt;the country. Nobody thinks of feeding the system. Our conscience is&lt;br /&gt;mortgaged to money.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dear Indians, The article is highly thought inductive, calls for a great&lt;br /&gt;deal of introspection and pricks one's conscience too.... I am echoing J. F.&lt;br /&gt;Kennedy 's words to his fellow Americans to relate to Indians.....&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;'ASK WHAT WE CAN DO FOR INDIA&lt;br /&gt;AND DO WHAT HAS TO BE DONE TO MAKE INDIA&lt;br /&gt;WHAT AMERICA AND OTHER WESTERN COUNTRIES ARE TODAY'&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lets do what India needs from us.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Forward this mail to each Indian for a change instead of sending Jokes or&lt;br /&gt;junk mails.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Thank you,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dr. Abdul Kalaam &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Comic Sans MS';font-size:180%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 18px;"&gt;                       plz change ur self! &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Comic Sans MS';font-size:180%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 18px;"&gt;                        after all! nation can be made healthy &amp;amp; best, only by citizen! then who else!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!&lt;wbr&gt;!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!&lt;wbr&gt;plzzzzzzzzzz&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Comic Sans MS';font-size:180%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 18px;"&gt;      HAPPY INDEPENDENCE DAY---------------&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6010651104295445490-8432254403351679383?l=lobely.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/feeds/8432254403351679383/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6010651104295445490&amp;postID=8432254403351679383' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/8432254403351679383'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/8432254403351679383'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/2009/08/abdul-kalams-speech-about-india-indians.html' title='abdul kalam&apos;s speech about india, indian&apos;s must read article'/><author><name>prashanth Kumar Rachamalla</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='25' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/Sj9gYKvQYTI/AAAAAAAADg8/O1VIKRxTEJM/S220/cooltext400945784.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6010651104295445490.post-2422048541396836878</id><published>2009-08-18T23:02:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-08-18T23:05:24.108-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='cricket'/><title type='text'>indian squad for champions trophy and triangular series</title><content type='html'>&lt;strong&gt;India squad for Triangular Series:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sachin Tendulkar, Gautam Gambhir, Rahul Dravid, Yuvraj Singh, Mahendra Singh Dhoni (Captain), Suresh Raina, Abhishek Nayar, Yusuf Pathan, Harbhajan Singh, Praveen Kumar, Ashish Nehra, R.P.Singh, Ishant Sharma, Amith Mishra, Dinesh Karthik, Virat Kohli.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;India squad for Champions Trophy:&lt;/strong&gt; Sachin Tendulkar, Gautam Gambhir, Rahul Dravid, Yuvraj Singh, Mahendra Singh Dhoni (Captain), Suresh Raina, Abhishek Nayar, Yusuf Pathan, Harbhajan Singh, Praveen Kumar, Ashish Nehra, R.P.Singh, Ishant Sharma, Amith Mishra, Dinesh Karthik.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h6&gt;india squad for champions trophy, india squad for triangular series, india team for champions trophy, india team for traingular series &lt;/h6&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6010651104295445490-2422048541396836878?l=lobely.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/feeds/2422048541396836878/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6010651104295445490&amp;postID=2422048541396836878' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/2422048541396836878'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/2422048541396836878'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/2009/08/indian-squad-for-champions-trophy-and.html' title='indian squad for champions trophy and triangular series'/><author><name>prashanth Kumar Rachamalla</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='25' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/Sj9gYKvQYTI/AAAAAAAADg8/O1VIKRxTEJM/S220/cooltext400945784.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6010651104295445490.post-5714474752820530745</id><published>2009-08-18T10:34:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-08-18T10:37:56.926-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='web'/><title type='text'>Scientific Prevention of Swine Flue using Household Products</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Homeopathy medicine for Swine flu &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0);"&gt;Influenzum 200 5 pills three times a day for 5 days - homeopathy &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0);"&gt;medicine as prevention for swine flu for kids - pls pass it on to all &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0);"&gt;concerned . &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0);"&gt;Swine Flu Prevention- Ayurved.. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);"&gt;Scientific Prevention of Swine Flue using Household Products &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"&gt;1.        Inhale Clove Oil (Lavang) For 1 Second. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"&gt;2.        Chew 1 Clove In a Day &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"&gt;3.        Eat Raw Garlic (Lasun), Onion, Ginger (Aale) (1 to 5gm) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"&gt;4.        Drink Hot Milk With 2gm of Turmeric &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"&gt;5.        Consume Plenty Of Vitamin C Fruits-Lemon/ Avala ' &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h6&gt; swine flu prevention, swine flu, swine, flu, prevention, homeopathy medicine for swine flu, homeopathy, medicine for swine flu &lt;/h6&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6010651104295445490-5714474752820530745?l=lobely.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/feeds/5714474752820530745/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6010651104295445490&amp;postID=5714474752820530745' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/5714474752820530745'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/5714474752820530745'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/2009/08/scientific-prevention-of-swine-flue.html' title='Scientific Prevention of Swine Flue using Household Products'/><author><name>prashanth Kumar Rachamalla</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='25' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/Sj9gYKvQYTI/AAAAAAAADg8/O1VIKRxTEJM/S220/cooltext400945784.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6010651104295445490.post-4185176674343134059</id><published>2009-08-18T10:29:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-08-18T10:33:10.096-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='web'/><title type='text'>swine flu symptoms</title><content type='html'>The typical symptoms are: &lt;ul style="list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;li style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;a sudden fever (a high body temperature of 38°C/100.4°F or above), and &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;a sudden cough. &lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;p&gt;Other symptoms may include:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;ul style="list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;li style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;headache, &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;tiredness,  &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;chills, &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;aching muscles, &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;limb or joint pain, &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;diarrhoea or stomach upset, &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;sore throat, &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;runny nose, &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;sneezing, or &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;loss of appetite. &lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h3 style="margin: auto 0cm;"&gt;Checking symptoms&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;p&gt;It makes sense to have a working thermometer at home, as an increase in temperature is one of the main symptoms.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Call your GP directly if: &lt;/p&gt; &lt;ul style="list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;li style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;you have a serious existing illness that weakens your immune system, such as cancer, &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;you are pregnant, &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;you have a sick child under one, &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;your condition &lt;b&gt;suddenly&lt;/b&gt; gets much worse, or &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;your condition is still getting worse after seven days (five for a child). &lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h6&gt;swine flu symptoms, swine flu, swine, flu, symptoms, checking symptoms &lt;/h6&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6010651104295445490-4185176674343134059?l=lobely.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/feeds/4185176674343134059/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6010651104295445490&amp;postID=4185176674343134059' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/4185176674343134059'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/4185176674343134059'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/2009/08/swine-flu-symptoms.html' title='swine flu symptoms'/><author><name>prashanth Kumar Rachamalla</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='25' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/Sj9gYKvQYTI/AAAAAAAADg8/O1VIKRxTEJM/S220/cooltext400945784.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6010651104295445490.post-256838622415194433</id><published>2009-08-18T03:29:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-08-18T03:31:22.200-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='art of living'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='devotional'/><title type='text'>achytam keshavam (krishna) video song with latest music beats</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="425" height="344"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/WSiXhe8Rq08&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;fs=1&amp;amp;"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/WSiXhe8Rq08&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;fs=1&amp;amp;" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h6&gt;tags: achyutam keshavam song, achyutam keshavam video song, krishna achyutam keshavam video song, achyutam keshavam song &lt;/h6&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6010651104295445490-256838622415194433?l=lobely.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/feeds/256838622415194433/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6010651104295445490&amp;postID=256838622415194433' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/256838622415194433'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/256838622415194433'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/2009/08/achytam-keshavam-krishna-video-song.html' title='achytam keshavam (krishna) video song with latest music beats'/><author><name>prashanth Kumar Rachamalla</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='25' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/Sj9gYKvQYTI/AAAAAAAADg8/O1VIKRxTEJM/S220/cooltext400945784.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6010651104295445490.post-5897366079712474393</id><published>2009-08-17T04:07:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-08-17T04:28:26.150-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='web'/><title type='text'>Bing Still Growing, Steals Market Share from Google</title><content type='html'>We already knew that Microsoft’s &lt;a href="http://mashable.com/2009/07/08/bing-numbers/"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Bing got off to a good start by gaining Microsoft will soon take over in June, according to comScore.  &lt;p&gt;Now, analytics and research firm StatCounter has released their July numbers for search, and they’re telling the same story: &lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class="blippr-nobr"&gt;Bing&lt;span class="blippr-nobr"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blippr.com/apps/393174-Bing" target="_blank" rel="http://www.blippr.com/apps/393174-Bing.whtml" class="blippr-inline-smiley blippr-inline-smiley-03"&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;is gaining traction&lt;/strong&gt;.  According to the report, Bing has gained 1.24% market share, up to 9.41%.  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;But this time, those new searches didn’t come at the expense of Yahoo, whose search engine Microsoft will soon take over&lt;a href="http://mashable.com/2009/07/29/yahoo-microsoft-search-deal-2/"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, but from &lt;span class="blippr-nobr"&gt;Google&lt;span class="blippr-nobr"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blippr.com/apps/336661-Google" target="_blank" rel="http://www.blippr.com/apps/336661-Google.whtml" class="blippr-inline-smiley blippr-inline-smiley-07"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; itself, which lost nearly 1% of the search market during the month.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id="more-136624"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;According to StatCounter, Yahoo and Bing combined now control more than 20% of the search market, up from 19.27%. comScore indicates that their combined market share in June was 29%, so there is some disagreement as to the actual numbers. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Should Google be scared?&lt;a href="http://mashable.com/2009/06/14/bing-google-sergey/"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;  Perhaps not yet, but at the very least, it indicates that the Google vs. Microsoft rivalry is heating up, with the Yahoo search deal only intensifying the competition.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;h6&gt;tags: bing, google, market share &lt;/h6&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6010651104295445490-5897366079712474393?l=lobely.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/feeds/5897366079712474393/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6010651104295445490&amp;postID=5897366079712474393' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/5897366079712474393'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/5897366079712474393'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/2009/08/bing-still-growing-steals-market-share.html' title='Bing Still Growing, Steals Market Share from Google'/><author><name>prashanth Kumar Rachamalla</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='25' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/Sj9gYKvQYTI/AAAAAAAADg8/O1VIKRxTEJM/S220/cooltext400945784.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6010651104295445490.post-3199725058115620290</id><published>2009-08-16T23:36:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-08-16T23:40:55.207-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='art of living'/><title type='text'>art of living bhajan, shiv sambho sambho bhajan</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="425" height="344"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/ZL-09KsN0R4&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;fs=1&amp;amp;"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/ZL-09KsN0R4&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;fs=1&amp;amp;" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h6&gt;aol bhajan, art of living bhajan, shiv sambho sambho, ravi shankar &lt;/h6&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6010651104295445490-3199725058115620290?l=lobely.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/feeds/3199725058115620290/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6010651104295445490&amp;postID=3199725058115620290' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/3199725058115620290'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/3199725058115620290'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/2009/08/art-of-living-bhajan-shiv-sambho-sambho.html' title='art of living bhajan, shiv sambho sambho bhajan'/><author><name>prashanth Kumar Rachamalla</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='25' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/Sj9gYKvQYTI/AAAAAAAADg8/O1VIKRxTEJM/S220/cooltext400945784.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6010651104295445490.post-1881468652980974265</id><published>2009-08-16T23:34:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-08-16T23:36:05.941-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='art of living'/><title type='text'>art of living bhajan, jai jai radha ramana hari bol</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="425" height="344"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/YTXYGgNTZzs&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;fs=1&amp;amp;"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/YTXYGgNTZzs&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;fs=1&amp;amp;" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h6&gt;art of living bhajan, jai jai radha ramana hari bol, aol bhajan, aol, art of living, jai jai radha ramana hari bol bhajan &lt;/h6&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6010651104295445490-1881468652980974265?l=lobely.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/feeds/1881468652980974265/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6010651104295445490&amp;postID=1881468652980974265' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/1881468652980974265'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/1881468652980974265'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/2009/08/art-of-living-bhajan-jai-jai-radha.html' title='art of living bhajan, jai jai radha ramana hari bol'/><author><name>prashanth Kumar Rachamalla</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='25' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/Sj9gYKvQYTI/AAAAAAAADg8/O1VIKRxTEJM/S220/cooltext400945784.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6010651104295445490.post-2354574096297716583</id><published>2009-08-16T23:32:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-08-16T23:34:16.706-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='art of living'/><title type='text'>Sri Sri Ravi shankar about "time", art of living</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="425" height="344"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/TgVcTQXJgbs&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;fs=1&amp;amp;"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/TgVcTQXJgbs&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;fs=1&amp;amp;" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h6&gt;Sri Sri Ravi shankar about "time", art of living, aol, time, ravi shankar about time &lt;/h6&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6010651104295445490-2354574096297716583?l=lobely.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/feeds/2354574096297716583/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6010651104295445490&amp;postID=2354574096297716583' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/2354574096297716583'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/2354574096297716583'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/2009/08/sri-sri-ravi-shankar-about-time-art-of.html' title='Sri Sri Ravi shankar about &quot;time&quot;, art of living'/><author><name>prashanth Kumar Rachamalla</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='25' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/Sj9gYKvQYTI/AAAAAAAADg8/O1VIKRxTEJM/S220/cooltext400945784.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6010651104295445490.post-3682738726632478219</id><published>2009-08-16T23:29:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-08-16T23:32:47.465-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='art of living'/><title type='text'>art of living, sri sri ravi shankar, aol, about human mind</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="425" height="344"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/HEjVcq0NCQo&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;fs=1&amp;amp;"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/HEjVcq0NCQo&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;fs=1&amp;amp;" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h6&gt;tags:art of living, sri sri ravi shankar, aol, about human mind, ravi shankar, human mind &lt;/h6&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6010651104295445490-3682738726632478219?l=lobely.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/feeds/3682738726632478219/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6010651104295445490&amp;postID=3682738726632478219' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/3682738726632478219'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/3682738726632478219'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/2009/08/art-of-living-sri-sri-ravi-shankar-aol.html' title='art of living, sri sri ravi shankar, aol, about human mind'/><author><name>prashanth Kumar Rachamalla</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='25' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/Sj9gYKvQYTI/AAAAAAAADg8/O1VIKRxTEJM/S220/cooltext400945784.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6010651104295445490.post-1774009341555369741</id><published>2009-08-16T05:54:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-08-16T05:58:51.459-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='windows'/><title type='text'>Customize the Start Menu Button  in windows xp</title><content type='html'>Change the word &lt;b&gt;START&lt;/b&gt;: &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Copy the file &lt;b&gt;EXPLORER.EXE&lt;/b&gt; from your Windows directory to a temporary working directory. &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Using a hex editor (like &lt;a href="http://www.annoyances.org/exec/software/ultraedit"&gt;UltraEdit-32&lt;/a&gt;), open the copy of &lt;b&gt;EXPLORER.EXE&lt;/b&gt;. &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Search for &lt;b&gt;53 00 74 00 61 00 72 00 74&lt;/b&gt;, which are the letters in the word "Start," separated by null characters (#00). It's a good idea to search and replace all occurances of &lt;i&gt;Start&lt;/i&gt; in the file, as just editing this one doesn't seem to do it. &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;You can replace any of the five characters, but do not change the null characters. Although you can't use a word longer than five characters, you can have shorter words by including spaces (#32) for the remaining places. &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Save the changes and &lt;a href="http://www.annoyances.org/exec/show/article01-015"&gt;exit to DOS&lt;/a&gt; (for Windows 9x/Me) or reboot into the Windows Recovery Console (Windows XP/2000). &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Here, you'll be able to backup the original file and replace it with your modified version. When you restart Windows, the change should take effect immediately. &lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Note: if you can't find START at the address above, do a search for it (make sure to include the interstitial null characters), as it may have been altered by another program.&lt;/i&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Note: there has been at least one report that the only occurrence of S T A R T that you need to change is the &lt;b&gt;last&lt;/b&gt; one.  If changing just the last occurrence works for you, then that's all you need.  If not, try replacing them all.&lt;/i&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Change the icon: &lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Copy the file &lt;b&gt;USER.EXE&lt;/b&gt; from your Windows\System directory to a temporary working directory. &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Using an icon editor that can read executables (like &lt;a href="http://www.annoyances.org/exec/software/muangelo"&gt;Microangelo&lt;/a&gt;), open the copy of &lt;b&gt;USER.EXE&lt;/b&gt;. &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;The Start Menu uses the flag logo, the very first icon in this file. What you need to be aware of, is that there are several versions of this icon in the file, each a different size. Depending on what font size you have your Start Menu font configured (&lt;i&gt;Control Panel -&gt; Display Properties -&gt; Appearance&lt;/i&gt;), the actual icon may be the &lt;b&gt;16x16&lt;/b&gt; or the &lt;b&gt;22x22&lt;/b&gt; variations.  Your best bet is to edit them all, and save your changes when you're finished. &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Next, &lt;a href="http://www.annoyances.org/exec/show/article01-015"&gt;exit to DOS&lt;/a&gt; (for Windows 9x/Me) or reboot into the Windows Recovery Console (Windows XP/2000). &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Here, you'll be able to backup the original file and replace it with your modified version. When you restart Windows, the change should take effect immediately. &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h6&gt;tags: start menu, change start menu, change start menu icon, change start word in start menu, change start menu in windows xp&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6010651104295445490-1774009341555369741?l=lobely.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/feeds/1774009341555369741/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6010651104295445490&amp;postID=1774009341555369741' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/1774009341555369741'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/1774009341555369741'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/2009/08/customize-start-menu-button-in-windows.html' title='Customize the Start Menu Button  in windows xp'/><author><name>prashanth Kumar Rachamalla</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='25' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/Sj9gYKvQYTI/AAAAAAAADg8/O1VIKRxTEJM/S220/cooltext400945784.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6010651104295445490.post-228145181668552208</id><published>2009-08-14T02:21:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-08-14T02:47:47.636-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='installation'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='web'/><title type='text'>how to customise or edit or get your name in uour start button</title><content type='html'>First you need a tool called "Resource Hacker". This free program allows you to change resources in any .exe file such as "Explorer.exe", which includes the [Start] button's Label. You can visit Download.com and search there for "Resource Hacker".&lt;br /&gt;After you download it, follow the guide here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Step 1:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A - Run "Resource Hacker" and open the file "%windir%\Explorer.exe".&lt;br /&gt;B - You see a Tree of all Resources in this file, expand the "String Table"&lt;br /&gt;C - Find the "start" and replace it with your own text. then press the [Compile Script] button.&lt;br /&gt;D - Save "Explorer.exe" as "MyStart.exe" DONT save it as Explorer.exe, do "save as.." and give it a new name.&lt;br /&gt;E - Quit "Resource Hacker".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Step 2:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A - Click on the [Start] button and choose the "Run..." item from the start menu. (Or use the shortcut key WinKey+R)&lt;br /&gt;B - Type "RegEdit" in the Run "Dialog Box". And then press the [Ok] buton to run the "Registry Editor" program.&lt;br /&gt;C - Go to: "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\WindowsNT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon" and find the "Shell" property.&lt;br /&gt;D - Replace value of the "Shell" property to "MyStart.exe".&lt;br /&gt;E - Quit "Registry Editor".&lt;br /&gt;F - Restart your system.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Note about Registry Editor:&lt;br /&gt;if you did not find the key "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\WindowsNT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon", you can search the Registry for the "Explorer.exe", to do this use the Edit Menu | Find Next (Ctrl+F).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;AmirBehzad Eslami's site has a handy tool for altering your start button, which makes life much easier, you can find his site here:&lt;br /&gt;http://www.theeldergeek.com/change_text_on_xp_start_button.htm&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6010651104295445490-228145181668552208?l=lobely.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/feeds/228145181668552208/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6010651104295445490&amp;postID=228145181668552208' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/228145181668552208'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/228145181668552208'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/2009/08/how-to-customise-or-edit-or-get-your.html' title='how to customise or edit or get your name in uour start button'/><author><name>prashanth Kumar Rachamalla</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='25' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/Sj9gYKvQYTI/AAAAAAAADg8/O1VIKRxTEJM/S220/cooltext400945784.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6010651104295445490.post-8299997805603362872</id><published>2009-08-14T02:07:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-08-14T02:19:58.516-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='linux'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='installation'/><title type='text'>how to view or execute chm, .chm files in linux</title><content type='html'>download the following rpms on ur pc:-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;rpm -ivh http://dag.wieers.com/packages/chmlib/chmlib-0.35-1.1.fc3.rf.i386.rpm&lt;br /&gt;rpm -ivh ftp://rpmfind.net/linux/dag/fedora/3/en/i386/dag/RPMS/wxGTK-2.4.2-5.1.fc3.rf.i386.rpm&lt;br /&gt;rpm -ivh http://acmserver.cs.ucr.edu/%7Ensoracco/rpms/xchm-0.9.8-1.i386.rpm&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Note:- i am giving the path of packages for fedora core 3. if want for any other os take a look at the following sites.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;chmlib:- http://dag.wieers.com/packages/chmlib/&lt;br /&gt;wxGTK:- ftp://rpmfind.net/linux/dag/&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;tags: .chm in linux, .chm, chm files in linux, chm in linux, linux, linux chm&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6010651104295445490-8299997805603362872?l=lobely.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/feeds/8299997805603362872/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6010651104295445490&amp;postID=8299997805603362872' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/8299997805603362872'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/8299997805603362872'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/2009/08/how-to-view-or-execute-chm-chm-files-in.html' title='how to view or execute chm, .chm files in linux'/><author><name>prashanth Kumar Rachamalla</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='25' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/Sj9gYKvQYTI/AAAAAAAADg8/O1VIKRxTEJM/S220/cooltext400945784.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6010651104295445490.post-2092257262862545651</id><published>2009-08-14T02:04:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-08-14T02:07:31.938-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='jobs'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='andhra pradesh'/><title type='text'>vishakapatnam steel plant recruitment of management trainee, it, technical, vsp retest</title><content type='html'>VISAKHAPATNAM STEEL PLANT&lt;br /&gt;Recruitment of Management Trainee (Technical)&lt;br /&gt;Dt. 11-8-2009&lt;br /&gt;On the basis of the feedback received from the candidates and other sources, it has been decided to conduct re-test for the post of Management Trainee (Technical) which was held on 28th June, 2009.&lt;br /&gt;All the candidates who appeared for the Written Test on 28th June, 2009 shall be issued fresh Admit Card that should be downloaded from the website www.vizagsteel.com from 19-8-&lt;br /&gt;2009 onwards.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The date of re-test will be 6th September, 2009(Sunday).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;you can find the same at http://www.vizagsteel.com/code/tenders/jobdocs/9338notice%20retest-web.pdf&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;tags: vsp it technical exam, vizag steel plant it officer, it technical&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6010651104295445490-2092257262862545651?l=lobely.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/feeds/2092257262862545651/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6010651104295445490&amp;postID=2092257262862545651' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/2092257262862545651'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/2092257262862545651'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/2009/08/vishakapatnam-steel-plant-recruitment.html' title='vishakapatnam steel plant recruitment of management trainee, it, technical, vsp retest'/><author><name>prashanth Kumar Rachamalla</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='25' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/Sj9gYKvQYTI/AAAAAAAADg8/O1VIKRxTEJM/S220/cooltext400945784.gif'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6010651104295445490.post-4175004691412056075</id><published>2009-08-14T01:56:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-08-14T02:00:31.440-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='web'/><title type='text'>how to speed up your Internet in 3 easy steps</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="Heading3a"&gt;Instructions&lt;/div&gt;                 &lt;ol id="intelliTxt"&gt;&lt;li&gt;         &lt;div class="stepBg"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;                  &lt;p&gt;If your internet is slow, the first thing you may want to try is to delete all of the cookies or saved web pages that your computer might be storing. Simply click the tools tab in your browser and scroll down to internet options. Underneath browsing history, click the delete button. Make sure you check the delete all offline content box.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;         &lt;div class="stepBg"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;A slow connection could also be because of too much adware or spyware on your PC. Luckily, that is easily taken care of. Try Lavasoft's Adaware program. It is free and reliable. Make sure that you update the definition file every time you use it, however. This is the only way to keep Adaware accurate.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;         &lt;div class="stepBg"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;                  &lt;p&gt;Another thing that could be slowing down your internet or computer is a virus. Unfortunately, this may require the purchase of a virus detection and deletion program. Prices are usually not too expensive, and are quite worth it.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;br /&gt;tags: speed up your internet, increase internet speed, fast internet, internet&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6010651104295445490-4175004691412056075?l=lobely.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/feeds/4175004691412056075/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6010651104295445490&amp;postID=4175004691412056075' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/4175004691412056075'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/4175004691412056075'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/2009/08/how-to-speed-up-your-internet-in-3-easy.html' title='how to speed up your Internet in 3 easy steps'/><author><name>prashanth Kumar Rachamalla</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='25' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/Sj9gYKvQYTI/AAAAAAAADg8/O1VIKRxTEJM/S220/cooltext400945784.gif'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6010651104295445490.post-4344682460343935418</id><published>2009-08-14T01:48:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-08-14T01:55:17.141-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='web'/><title type='text'>how to speed up your computer in five (5) easy steps</title><content type='html'>Speeding up your computer performance is not as difficult as you might think. Just follow these simple tips and you will find your computer run at its top performance. Once more, don’t trust any articles that claim a registry cleaner alone can make a radical improvement.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Instructions                 &lt;div class="thingsYouNeed"&gt;      &lt;h4 class="Heading4a"&gt;Things You'll Need:&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;ul class="BulletList"&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;Windows OS&lt;/span&gt;        &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;         &lt;span&gt;anti virus (free version)&lt;/span&gt;        &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;         &lt;span&gt;registry cleaner (free version)&lt;/span&gt;        &lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;     &lt;/div&gt;         &lt;ol id="intelliTxt"&gt;&lt;li&gt;         &lt;div class="stepBg"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;                   &lt;span class="image"&gt;           &lt;a class="thickbox" href="http://i.ehow.com/images/GlobalPhoto/Articles/5197623/StartupEntry_Full.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="Windows System Configuration Utility Console" src="http://i.ehow.com/images/GlobalPhoto/Articles/5197623/StartupEntry_Thumb.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;                       &lt;div style="width: 101px;" class="caption"&gt;Windows System Configuration Utility Console&lt;/div&gt;                     &lt;/span&gt;                  &lt;p&gt;Shut off Unneeded Services and Control Windows Startup Programs.&lt;br /&gt;In order to get rid of the resource-wasting programs, you must open "System Configuration Utility" by typing and entering "msconfig" in the "Run" command that lies on your Windows start menu. Under "Startup" tab, choose which application that you don't need.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;         &lt;div class="stepBg"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;                   &lt;span class="image"&gt;           &lt;a class="thickbox" href="http://i.ehow.com/images/GlobalPhoto/Articles/5197623/DiskDefragmenter_Full.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="Windows Disk Defragmenter" src="http://i.ehow.com/images/GlobalPhoto/Articles/5197623/DiskDefragmenter_Thumb.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;                       &lt;div style="width: 93px;" class="caption"&gt;Windows Disk Defragmenter&lt;/div&gt;                     &lt;/span&gt;                  &lt;p&gt;Defrag your &lt;a itxtdid="8366633" target="_blank" href="http://www.ehow.com/how_5197623_speed-computer-performance-easy-steps.html#" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(3, 100, 164) ! important; font-weight: normal ! important; font-size: 100% ! important; text-decoration: none ! important; padding-bottom: 0px ! important; color: rgb(3, 100, 164) ! important; background-color: transparent ! important; background-image: none; padding-top: 0pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt;" classname="iAs" class="iAs"&gt;hard &lt;nobr style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 100%;" id="itxt_nobr_3_0"&gt;drive&lt;img style="border: 0pt none ; margin: 0pt; padding: 0pt; display: inline; height: 10px; width: 10px; position: relative; top: 1px; left: 1px; float: none;" name="itxt-icon-0" src="http://images.intellitxt.com/ast/adTypes/mag-glass_10x10.gif" /&gt;&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. When you write, create, or copy a new file, Windows will allocate space needed for that file. It will automatically write the new file in the next available empty space. The problem is that most often the available space is limited by other file resides right next to that space. If the available space is not enough, Windows will split the new file and allocate the other part to another area of your hard drive. With more and more data are written this way, your file becomes fragmented because all the file’s parts are not in one location. This way, your computer needs to work harder to find all the pieces. As a result, performance slows over time. Defragmenting your hard drive will rearrange these files, reuniting the separated parts to make your files more quickly accessible. It should noticeably speed up the launch of programs and startup process. To run defragmenter using the built-in module in Windows XP and Vista, click Start, All Programs, Accessories, System Tools then Disk Defragmenter.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;         &lt;div class="stepBg"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;                   &lt;span class="image"&gt;           &lt;a class="thickbox" href="http://i.ehow.com/images/GlobalPhoto/Articles/5197623/AVG8.5Free_Full.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="AVG 8.5 Free Version" src="http://i.ehow.com/images/GlobalPhoto/Articles/5197623/AVG8.5Free_Thumb.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;                                            &lt;/span&gt;                  &lt;p&gt;Run anti virus and anti spyware scan. If you run Windows, frequently surf online, visit various websites, and download files often, you have high risk to be infected by malicious software (malware). Malware is one of the biggest culprits when it comes to a slow-running Windows. That’s why you need to run a full system scan at least once a week. Running antivirus scan can clear out resource-hogging infections. You don’t need those expensive antivirus services. Use AVG Anti-Virus free version (scroll down to get the download link). Keep also your virus definitions up to date and maintain good browsing habits to minimize the odds of getting infected.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;         &lt;div class="stepBg"&gt;Step &lt;span&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;                   &lt;span class="image"&gt;           &lt;a class="thickbox" href="http://i.ehow.com/images/GlobalPhoto/Articles/5197623/DiskCleanUp_Full.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="Windows Disk Cleanup" src="http://i.ehow.com/images/GlobalPhoto/Articles/5197623/DiskCleanUp_Thumb.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;                       &lt;div style="width: 140px;" class="caption"&gt;Windows Disk Cleanup&lt;/div&gt;                     &lt;/span&gt;                  &lt;p&gt;Remove Junk Files. Clean your system by doing some basic housekeeping regularly to preserve it from all the junk that tend to pile up in no time like your browser's cache and temporary files. You can use internal Windows Disk Cleanup. Open your Windows Explorer, choose the folder you want to clean and then right click it, choose Properties, and last choose Disk Cleanup. Similarly, you should consider uninstalling any applications you haven't used in over six months.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;         &lt;div class="stepBg"&gt;Step &lt;span&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;                   &lt;span class="image"&gt;           &lt;a class="thickbox" href="http://i.ehow.com/images/GlobalPhoto/Articles/5197623/ccleaner_Full.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="CCleaner-The Free Registry Cleaner" src="http://i.ehow.com/images/GlobalPhoto/Articles/5197623/ccleaner_Thumb.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;                       &lt;div style="width: 101px;" class="caption"&gt;CCleaner-The Free Registry Cleaner&lt;/div&gt;                     &lt;/span&gt;                  &lt;p&gt;Scan, Clean, and Fix Your Registry Problems. Windows Registry holds thousands of information of all those settings on your computer. With so many activities we do like installing and uninstalling programs, changing and modifying setting for every application, or updating new drivers, it is very possible there are missing or invalid registry entries and left-out registry keys from previous software installation. The problem is Windows isn’t good enough at optimizing and cleaning its own registry. For a while, this won't be a problem, but after some time the problem will be accumulated and soon become potential to cause various irritating computer problems. Thus, you need a registry cleaner that can fix this entire problem. No need to pay, just use the free registry cleaner like CCleaner (scroll down to get the download link). It is absolutely free to use. If you concern about the scanning capability of a free registry cleaner, you can use TuneUp Utilities 2009 trial version. Its registry cleaner module allows you to scan, clean, and repair your registry for 30 days.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;br /&gt;tags: speed up your computer, speed computer, improve computer performance, computer performance, windows xp performance, improve windows xp performance&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6010651104295445490-4344682460343935418?l=lobely.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/feeds/4344682460343935418/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6010651104295445490&amp;postID=4344682460343935418' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/4344682460343935418'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/4344682460343935418'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/2009/08/how-to-speed-up-your-computer-in-five-5.html' title='how to speed up your computer in five (5) easy steps'/><author><name>prashanth Kumar Rachamalla</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='25' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/Sj9gYKvQYTI/AAAAAAAADg8/O1VIKRxTEJM/S220/cooltext400945784.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6010651104295445490.post-7225231983718639285</id><published>2009-08-14T01:45:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-08-14T01:47:58.675-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='cricket'/><title type='text'>icc champions trophy 2009 schedules or fixtures</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;ICC Champions Trophy 2009 &lt;/b&gt;will be played in &lt;st1:country-region&gt;&lt;st1:place&gt;South Africa&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;. The sixth edition of ICC Champions Trophy will be played in &lt;st1:city&gt;&lt;st1:place&gt;Johannesburg&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:city&gt; and Centurion from September 22&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;/sup&gt; to October 5&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class="news-body"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;The following are the two groups:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Group A: &lt;/b&gt;Australia, India, Pakistan, West Indies&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Group B:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;st1:country-region&gt;&lt;st1:place&gt;South   Africa&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;, &lt;st1:country-region&gt;&lt;st1:place&gt;New   Zealand&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;, &lt;st1:country-region&gt;&lt;st1:place&gt;Sri   Lanka&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;, &lt;st1:country-region&gt;&lt;st1:place&gt;England&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="news-body"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;st1:country-region&gt;&lt;st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;ICC Champions Trophy 2009 Fixtures (All timings are mentioned in GMT+&lt;/b&gt;&lt;st1:time minute="30" hour="17"&gt;&lt;b&gt;05:30&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/st1:time&gt;&lt;b&gt;)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div align="center"&gt;  &lt;table class="MsoTableContemporary" style="width: 5.5in; border-collapse: collapse;" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="528"&gt;  &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr style=""&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(204, 204, 204) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 127.7pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="170"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Timing&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(204, 204, 204) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 141.95pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="189"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Teams&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(204, 204, 204) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 87.45pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="117"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Venue&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none none solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(204, 204, 204) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 85.7pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="114"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr style=""&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(242, 242, 242) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 127.7pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="170"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Tue 22 Sep (D/N)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;st1:time minute="0" hour="18"&gt;&lt;b&gt;18:00 PM&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/st1:time&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(242, 242, 242) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 141.95pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="189"&gt;   &lt;p style="text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Group B – Sri Lanka v South Africa&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(242, 242, 242) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 87.45pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="117"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;st1:place&gt;&lt;st1:placename&gt;SuperSport&lt;/st1:placename&gt; &lt;st1:placetype&gt;Park&lt;/st1:placetype&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;, Centurion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none none solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(242, 242, 242) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 85.7pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="114"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr style=""&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(204, 204, 204) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 127.7pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="170"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Wed 23 Sep (D/N)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;st1:time minute="0" hour="18"&gt;&lt;b&gt;18:00 PM&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/st1:time&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(204, 204, 204) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 141.95pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="189"&gt;   &lt;p style="text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Group A – Pakistan v West Indies&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(204, 204, 204) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 87.45pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="117"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;New   Wanderers Stadium, &lt;st1:city&gt;&lt;st1:place&gt;Johannesburg&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:city&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none none solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(204, 204, 204) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 85.7pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="114"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr style=""&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(242, 242, 242) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 127.7pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="170"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Thu 24 Sep&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;st1:time minute="0" hour="13"&gt;&lt;b&gt;13:00 PM&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/st1:time&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(242, 242, 242) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 141.95pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="189"&gt;   &lt;p style="text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Group B – South Africa v New Zealand&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(242, 242, 242) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 87.45pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="117"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;st1:place&gt;&lt;st1:placename&gt;SuperSport&lt;/st1:placename&gt; &lt;st1:placetype&gt;Park&lt;/st1:placetype&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;, Centurion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none none solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(242, 242, 242) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 85.7pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="114"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr style=""&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(204, 204, 204) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 127.7pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="170"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Fri 25 Sep (D/N)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;st1:time minute="0" hour="18"&gt;&lt;b&gt;18:00 PM&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/st1:time&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(204, 204, 204) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 141.95pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="189"&gt;   &lt;p style="text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Group B – England v Sri Lanka&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(204, 204, 204) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 87.45pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="117"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;New   Wanderers Stadium, &lt;st1:city&gt;&lt;st1:place&gt;Johannesburg&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:city&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none none solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(204, 204, 204) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 85.7pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="114"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr style=""&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(242, 242, 242) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 127.7pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="170"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Sat 26 Sep&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;st1:time minute="0" hour="13"&gt;&lt;b&gt;13:00 PM&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/st1:time&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(242, 242, 242) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 141.95pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="189"&gt;   &lt;p style="text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Group A – Australia v West Indies&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(242, 242, 242) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 87.45pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="117"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;New   Wanderers Stadium, &lt;st1:city&gt;&lt;st1:place&gt;Johannesburg&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:city&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none none solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(242, 242, 242) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 85.7pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="114"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr style=""&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(204, 204, 204) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 127.7pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="170"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Sat 26 Sep (D/N)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;st1:time minute="0" hour="18"&gt;&lt;b&gt;18:00 PM&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/st1:time&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(204, 204, 204) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 141.95pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="189"&gt;   &lt;p style="text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Group A – India v Pakistan&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(204, 204, 204) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 87.45pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="117"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;st1:place&gt;&lt;st1:placename&gt;SuperSport&lt;/st1:placename&gt; &lt;st1:placetype&gt;Park&lt;/st1:placetype&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;, Centurion&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none none solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(204, 204, 204) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 85.7pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="114"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr style=""&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(242, 242, 242) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 127.7pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="170"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Sun 27 Sep&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;st1:time minute="0" hour="13"&gt;&lt;b&gt;13:00 PM&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/st1:time&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(242, 242, 242) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 141.95pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="189"&gt;   &lt;p style="text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Group B – New Zealand v Sri Lanka&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(242, 242, 242) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 87.45pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="117"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;New   Wanderers Stadium, &lt;st1:city&gt;&lt;st1:place&gt;Johannesburg&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:city&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none none solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(242, 242, 242) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 85.7pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="114"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr style=""&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(204, 204, 204) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 127.7pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="170"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Sun 27 Sep (S/N)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;st1:time minute="0" hour="18"&gt;&lt;b&gt;18:00 PM&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/st1:time&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(204, 204, 204) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 141.95pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="189"&gt;   &lt;p style="text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Group B – England v South Africa&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(204, 204, 204) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 87.45pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="117"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;st1:place&gt;&lt;st1:placename&gt;SuperSport&lt;/st1:placename&gt; &lt;st1:placetype&gt;Park&lt;/st1:placetype&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;, Centurion&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none none solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(204, 204, 204) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 85.7pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="114"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr style=""&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(242, 242, 242) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 127.7pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="170"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Mon 28 Sep (D/N)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;st1:time minute="0" hour="18"&gt;&lt;b&gt;18:00 PM&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/st1:time&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(242, 242, 242) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 141.95pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="189"&gt;   &lt;p style="text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Group A – India v Australia&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(242, 242, 242) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 87.45pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="117"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;st1:place&gt;&lt;st1:placename&gt;SuperSport&lt;/st1:placename&gt; &lt;st1:placetype&gt;Park&lt;/st1:placetype&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;, Centurion&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none none solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(242, 242, 242) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 85.7pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="114"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr style=""&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(204, 204, 204) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 127.7pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="170"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Tue 29 Sep (D/N)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;st1:time minute="0" hour="18"&gt;&lt;b&gt;18:00 PM&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/st1:time&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(204, 204, 204) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 141.95pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="189"&gt;   &lt;p style="text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Group B – England v New Zealand&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(204, 204, 204) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 87.45pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="117"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;New   Wanderers Stadium, &lt;st1:city&gt;&lt;st1:place&gt;Johannesburg&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:city&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none none solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(204, 204, 204) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 85.7pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="114"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr style=""&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(242, 242, 242) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 127.7pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="170"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Wed 30 Sep&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;st1:time minute="0" hour="13"&gt;&lt;b&gt;13:00 PM&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/st1:time&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(242, 242, 242) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 141.95pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="189"&gt;   &lt;p style="text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Group A – Pakistan v Australia&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(242, 242, 242) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 87.45pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="117"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;st1:place&gt;&lt;st1:placename&gt;SuperSport&lt;/st1:placename&gt; &lt;st1:placetype&gt;Park&lt;/st1:placetype&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;, Centurion&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none none solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(242, 242, 242) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 85.7pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="114"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr style=""&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(204, 204, 204) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 127.7pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="170"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Wed 30 Sep (D/N)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;st1:time minute="0" hour="18"&gt;&lt;b&gt;18:00 PM&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/st1:time&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(204, 204, 204) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 141.95pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="189"&gt;   &lt;p style="text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Group A – India v West Indies&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(204, 204, 204) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 87.45pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="117"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;New   Wanderers Stadium, &lt;st1:city&gt;&lt;st1:place&gt;Johannesburg&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:city&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none none solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(204, 204, 204) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 85.7pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="114"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr style=""&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(242, 242, 242) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 127.7pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="170"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Fri 2 Oct (D/N)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;st1:time minute="0" hour="18"&gt;&lt;b&gt;18:00 PM&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/st1:time&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(242, 242, 242) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 141.95pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="189"&gt;   &lt;p style="text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;1&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;/sup&gt; Semi Final – A1 v B2&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(242, 242, 242) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 87.45pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="117"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;st1:place&gt;&lt;st1:placename&gt;SuperSport&lt;/st1:placename&gt; &lt;st1:placetype&gt;Park&lt;/st1:placetype&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;, Centurion&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none none solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(242, 242, 242) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 85.7pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="114"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr style=""&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color white white -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 2.25pt 2.25pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(204, 204, 204) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 127.7pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="170"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Sat Oct 3 (D/N)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;st1:time minute="0" hour="18"&gt;&lt;b&gt;18:00 PM&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/st1:time&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color white white -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 2.25pt 2.25pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(204, 204, 204) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 141.95pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="189"&gt;   &lt;p style="text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;/sup&gt; Semi Final – A2 v B1&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color white white -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 2.25pt 2.25pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(204, 204, 204) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 87.45pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="117"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;New   Wanderers Stadium, &lt;st1:city&gt;&lt;st1:place&gt;Johannesburg&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:city&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none none solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color white; border-width: medium medium 2.25pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(204, 204, 204) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 85.7pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="114"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr style=""&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(242, 242, 242) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 127.7pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="170"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Mon 5 Oct (D/N)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;st1:time minute="0" hour="18"&gt;&lt;b&gt;18:00 PM&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/st1:time&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(242, 242, 242) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 141.95pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="189"&gt;   &lt;p style="text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Final – 1&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;/sup&gt; Semi Final winner v 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;/sup&gt;   Semi Final inner&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(242, 242, 242) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 87.45pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="117"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;st1:place&gt;&lt;st1:placename&gt;SuperSport&lt;/st1:placename&gt; &lt;st1:placetype&gt;Park&lt;/st1:placetype&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;, Centurion&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none none solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(242, 242, 242) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 85.7pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" valign="top" width="114"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;  &lt;/div&gt; &lt;br /&gt;tags: icc champions trophy, champions trophy 2009, cricket tournment, champions trophy schedule, champions trophy fixtures, champions trophy 2009 schedule, champions trophy schedule 2009.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class="news-body"&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6010651104295445490-7225231983718639285?l=lobely.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/feeds/7225231983718639285/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6010651104295445490&amp;postID=7225231983718639285' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/7225231983718639285'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/7225231983718639285'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/2009/08/icc-champions-trophy-2009-schedules-or.html' title='icc champions trophy 2009 schedules or fixtures'/><author><name>prashanth Kumar Rachamalla</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='25' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/Sj9gYKvQYTI/AAAAAAAADg8/O1VIKRxTEJM/S220/cooltext400945784.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6010651104295445490.post-789889048208610755</id><published>2009-08-14T01:17:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-08-14T01:41:27.360-07:00</updated><title type='text'>andhra pradesh icet second  (2nd) phase counselling in September</title><content type='html'>Special Correspondent                                                                                                                                                                                  &lt;p&gt;Hyderabad: The second phase of counselling for ICET is likely to be held in September first week. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;According to APSCHE Chairman K.C. Reddy, around 10,500 seats are still available in the new colleges .&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Similarly, 115 MBA colleges with an intake of 9,000 seats and 15 MCA colleges with 1,500 seats submitted letters .&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6010651104295445490-789889048208610755?l=lobely.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/feeds/789889048208610755/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6010651104295445490&amp;postID=789889048208610755' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/789889048208610755'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/789889048208610755'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/2009/08/andhra-pradesh-icet-second-2nd-phase.html' title='andhra pradesh icet second  (2nd) phase counselling in September'/><author><name>prashanth Kumar Rachamalla</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='25' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/Sj9gYKvQYTI/AAAAAAAADg8/O1VIKRxTEJM/S220/cooltext400945784.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6010651104295445490.post-1909707725670944686</id><published>2009-08-14T01:11:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-08-14T01:17:00.674-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='andhra pradesh'/><title type='text'>andhra pradesh second (2nd) phase eamcet counselling 2009</title><content type='html'>The Eamcet admissions committee will conduct another round of counselling for engineering seats in September after 82,500 students stayed away from the process in the first round. &lt;p&gt;“Some new colleges have been approved by AICTE.&lt;br /&gt;This apart, some existing colleges have got additional branches and seats. We have no option but to conduct the second phase of counselling,” said Prof.&lt;br /&gt;K.C. Reddy, chairman, APSCHE. He said the final allotment of seats will be made on August 31. “After this, counselling for pharmacy courses for BPC students will be conducted and later the second phase for MBA and MCA. The Eamcet second phase will be conducted after that.”&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The committee will announce a detailed schedule for re-conducting the certificate verification process, and the ICET seat allotments for MBA and MCA courses will be made on Thursday. “The list will be kept on the website by evening,” Prof. Reddy said.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, which runs IIITs at Idupulapaya, Nuzividu and Basar, will announce its fresh list on Thursday.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6010651104295445490-1909707725670944686?l=lobely.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/feeds/1909707725670944686/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6010651104295445490&amp;postID=1909707725670944686' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/1909707725670944686'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/1909707725670944686'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/2009/08/andhra-pradesh-second-2nd-phase-eamcet.html' title='andhra pradesh second (2nd) phase eamcet counselling 2009'/><author><name>prashanth Kumar Rachamalla</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='25' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/Sj9gYKvQYTI/AAAAAAAADg8/O1VIKRxTEJM/S220/cooltext400945784.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6010651104295445490.post-38291835102662170</id><published>2009-08-11T02:38:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-08-11T02:41:39.120-07:00</updated><title type='text'>How to delete a blogger's blog(blogspot)</title><content type='html'>New bloggers often miss this as the delete button is not displayed in a prominent place. If you want to delete a blog, sign into Blogger (Dashboard) and you should get a lists of all your blogs (obviously you will see only one blog if you have created only one). Click SETTINGS then you will see the option "blog tools". On the right of the blog tools you should see a "Delete This Blog"  button. Click that button and you will be asked to confirm. If you are sure you don't want the blog, go ahead and confirm and your blog will be gone from the web.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;However, note that if your blog had been indexed and cached by search engines, surfers may still be able to see the cached copy of the blog until it is deleted from the cache. That may take some time.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6010651104295445490-38291835102662170?l=lobely.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/feeds/38291835102662170/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6010651104295445490&amp;postID=38291835102662170' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/38291835102662170'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/38291835102662170'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/2009/08/how-to-delete-bloggers-blogblogspot.html' title='How to delete a blogger&apos;s blog(blogspot)'/><author><name>prashanth Kumar Rachamalla</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='25' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/Sj9gYKvQYTI/AAAAAAAADg8/O1VIKRxTEJM/S220/cooltext400945784.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6010651104295445490.post-8429514856924412802</id><published>2009-07-29T05:51:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-07-29T05:56:32.657-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='installation'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='web'/><title type='text'>how to run and install teamviewer, remote desktop</title><content type='html'>enter the url:&lt;a href="http://www.mediafire.com/download.php?lnymoznvtzj"&gt;http://www.mediafire.com/download.php?lnymoznvtzj&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="http://www.mediafire.com/download.php?lnymoznvtzj"&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;you'll get an exe file.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Now open it, you'll see the following screen:&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/SnBGe9txqpI/AAAAAAAADkk/yR8SZq_L8Ao/s1600-h/teamviewer1.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/SnBGe9txqpI/AAAAAAAADkk/yR8SZq_L8Ao/s320/teamviewer1.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5363864653974842002" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Also ask the other person to do the same as above.&lt;br /&gt;Then ask his Id and click on connect to partner.&lt;br /&gt;Then it will ask for a password, once you give the password, you'll see the desktop of your partner.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6010651104295445490-8429514856924412802?l=lobely.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/feeds/8429514856924412802/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6010651104295445490&amp;postID=8429514856924412802' title='3 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/8429514856924412802'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/8429514856924412802'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/2009/07/how-to-run-and-install-teamviewer.html' title='how to run and install teamviewer, remote desktop'/><author><name>prashanth Kumar Rachamalla</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='25' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/Sj9gYKvQYTI/AAAAAAAADg8/O1VIKRxTEJM/S220/cooltext400945784.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/SnBGe9txqpI/AAAAAAAADkk/yR8SZq_L8Ao/s72-c/teamviewer1.JPG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6010651104295445490.post-2264074756690306913</id><published>2009-07-29T05:28:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-07-29T05:50:50.205-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='installation'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='web'/><title type='text'>How to install xampp in windows xp</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/SnBDcwoNg6I/AAAAAAAADkU/xOE986Vw-Go/s1600-h/xampp8.JPG"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/SnBDcs8JP-I/AAAAAAAADkM/6dEZR8k-HEk/s1600-h/xampp7.JPG"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/SnBDcZSn5HI/AAAAAAAADkE/hRkmRO_1Zls/s1600-h/xampp6.JPG"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/SnBDcKXWevI/AAAAAAAADj8/jQXeio-u2U0/s1600-h/xampp5.JPG"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;open the link &lt;a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/xampp/files/XAMPP%20Windows/xampp-win32-1.7.1-installer.exe/download"&gt;http://sourceforge.net/projects/xampp/files/X&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/xampp/files/XAMPP%20Windows/xampp-win32-1.7.1-installer.exe/download"&gt;AMPP%20Windows/xampp-win32-1.7.1-installer.exe/download&lt;/a&gt; in browser. with the above link you will be downloading the necessary xampp exe file in your computer.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;double-click or press enter the xampp exe file.&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/SnBB-1kiuyI/AAAAAAAADjc/p5nMo5C-FSw/s1600-h/xampp1.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/SnBB-1kiuyI/AAAAAAAADjc/p5nMo5C-FSw/s320/xampp1.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5363859703986305826" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;when you double-click or enter, you'll get a option to choose language.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/SnBCPraGt4I/AAAAAAAADjk/rEuxCOjzt28/s1600-h/xampp2.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/SnBCPraGt4I/AAAAAAAADjk/rEuxCOjzt28/s320/xampp2.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5363859993315948418" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;then you will get a screen like this:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/SnBCm6pyx3I/AAAAAAAADjs/Z9DZDnmobqE/s1600-h/xampp3.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/SnBCm6pyx3I/AAAAAAAADjs/Z9DZDnmobqE/s320/xampp3.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5363860392545273714" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;By clicking next, you will get&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/SnBC7QnAd-I/AAAAAAAADj0/0BWy0eCttY0/s1600-h/xampp4.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/SnBC7QnAd-I/AAAAAAAADj0/0BWy0eCttY0/s320/xampp4.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5363860742036551650" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;choose the path( better choose the drive in which the operating system is not installed!), click next.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/SnBDcKXWevI/AAAAAAAADj8/jQXeio-u2U0/s1600-h/xampp5.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/SnBDcKXWevI/AAAAAAAADj8/jQXeio-u2U0/s320/xampp5.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5363861307295955698" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;select those services, which you want to run at startup. then click next!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;you see this installation process screen:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/SnBDcZSn5HI/AAAAAAAADkE/hRkmRO_1Zls/s1600-h/xampp6.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/SnBDcZSn5HI/AAAAAAAADkE/hRkmRO_1Zls/s320/xampp6.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5363861311302657138" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/SnBDcs8JP-I/AAAAAAAADkM/6dEZR8k-HEk/s1600-h/xampp7.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/SnBDcs8JP-I/AAAAAAAADkM/6dEZR8k-HEk/s320/xampp7.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5363861316577083362" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;now click finish. Once you click finish you will get the following screen&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/SnBDcwoNg6I/AAAAAAAADkU/xOE986Vw-Go/s1600-h/xampp8.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/SnBDcwoNg6I/AAAAAAAADkU/xOE986Vw-Go/s320/xampp8.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5363861317567218594" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;click yes, and you'll get the control panel of xampp.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/SnBDdLbzFLI/AAAAAAAADkc/kgXJUd2Y-BQ/s1600-h/xampp9.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/SnBDdLbzFLI/AAAAAAAADkc/kgXJUd2Y-BQ/s320/xampp9.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5363861324762911922" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;now you start the apache server and mysql.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;to check, whether they are working correctly or not!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Open the browser, enter the url http://localhost/&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;you'll see a webpage displaying xampp, select language, then you'll see the feathers of the xampp, hence you can confirm it is working.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;now enter the url http://localhost/phpmyadmin&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;here you can configure databases and create tables.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6010651104295445490-2264074756690306913?l=lobely.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/feeds/2264074756690306913/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6010651104295445490&amp;postID=2264074756690306913' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/2264074756690306913'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/2264074756690306913'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/2009/07/how-to-install-xampp-in-windows-xp.html' title='How to install xampp in windows xp'/><author><name>prashanth Kumar Rachamalla</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='25' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/Sj9gYKvQYTI/AAAAAAAADg8/O1VIKRxTEJM/S220/cooltext400945784.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/SnBB-1kiuyI/AAAAAAAADjc/p5nMo5C-FSw/s72-c/xampp1.JPG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6010651104295445490.post-6791237701646419724</id><published>2009-07-29T05:26:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-07-29T05:28:05.676-07:00</updated><title type='text'>online php mysql best training by experts in hyderabad, india</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/SnBAK3n75KI/AAAAAAAADjM/BGZVc6ZBjU4/s1600-h/websoft.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 81px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/SnBAK3n75KI/AAAAAAAADjM/BGZVc6ZBjU4/s320/websoft.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5363857711672583330" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;WEBSOFT software development and training institute in dilsukhnagar, hyderabad&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We provide training on PHP and MySQL. Our trainers have vast experience in PHP and MySQL technologies, and the training will be only online training.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/SnBAQHZM5XI/AAAAAAAADjU/r6wqIH9Mlwc/s1600-h/php_mysql.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 48px; height: 48px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/SnBAQHZM5XI/AAAAAAAADjU/r6wqIH9Mlwc/s320/php_mysql.gif" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5363857801805096306" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The following topics are covered in this PHP ONLINE course:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&gt;Introduction to PHP and MySQL&lt;br /&gt;&gt;Installation of Apache, PHP and MySQL&lt;br /&gt;&gt;Concepts of HTML&lt;br /&gt;&gt;PHP Basics&lt;br /&gt;&gt;PHP conditionals and loops&lt;br /&gt;&gt;PHP Arrays and PHP Functions&lt;br /&gt;&gt;Using HTML forms in PHP online&lt;br /&gt;&gt;Sending Emails using PHP&lt;br /&gt;&gt;PHP globals and PHP sessions&lt;br /&gt;&gt;Working with files&lt;br /&gt;&gt;MySQL basics and using 'phpmyadmin'&lt;br /&gt;&gt;Project using PHP and MySQL&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The above topics will be trained in a corporate way and with examples.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For PHP MySQL ONLINE TRAINING, the duration is 30 days, 15 days fast track is also available.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Feel free to contact us for more details.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;info@thewebsoft.com&lt;br /&gt;+91-9701935333&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;PHP MySQL ONLINE TRAINING IN HYDERABAD, DILSUKHNAGAR | BEST PHP MYSQL ONLINE TRAINING IN HYDERABAD, DILSUKH NAGAR |&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6010651104295445490-6791237701646419724?l=lobely.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/feeds/6791237701646419724/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6010651104295445490&amp;postID=6791237701646419724' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/6791237701646419724'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/6791237701646419724'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/2009/07/online-php-mysql-best-training-by.html' title='online php mysql best training by experts in hyderabad, india'/><author><name>prashanth Kumar Rachamalla</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='25' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/Sj9gYKvQYTI/AAAAAAAADg8/O1VIKRxTEJM/S220/cooltext400945784.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/SnBAK3n75KI/AAAAAAAADjM/BGZVc6ZBjU4/s72-c/websoft.JPG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6010651104295445490.post-1537017325172595460</id><published>2009-07-29T05:17:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-07-29T05:26:44.425-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='web'/><title type='text'>php training in hyderabad</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/SnA_2y0iOFI/AAAAAAAADjE/IM5KkqBPevk/s1600-h/websoft.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 81px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/SnA_2y0iOFI/AAAAAAAADjE/IM5KkqBPevk/s320/websoft.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5363857366785865810" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/SnA_y0QZtHI/AAAAAAAADi8/7aSwY4zEBjg/s1600-h/php_mysql.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 48px; height: 48px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/SnA_y0QZtHI/AAAAAAAADi8/7aSwY4zEBjg/s320/php_mysql.gif" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5363857298451706994" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I recommend you to choose WEBSOFT!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;WEBSOFT software development and training institute in dilsukhnagar, hyderabad&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We provide training on PHP and MySQL. Our trainers have vast experience in PHP and MySQL technologies, and the training will be only online training.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The following topics are covered in this PHP ONLINE course:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&gt;Introduction to PHP and MySQL&lt;br /&gt;&gt;Installation of Apache, PHP and MySQL&lt;br /&gt;&gt;Concepts of HTML&lt;br /&gt;&gt;PHP Basics&lt;br /&gt;&gt;PHP conditionals and loops&lt;br /&gt;&gt;PHP Arrays and PHP Functions&lt;br /&gt;&gt;Using HTML forms in PHP online&lt;br /&gt;&gt;Sending Emails using PHP&lt;br /&gt;&gt;PHP globals and PHP sessions&lt;br /&gt;&gt;Working with files&lt;br /&gt;&gt;MySQL basics and using 'phpmyadmin'&lt;br /&gt;&gt;Project using PHP and MySQL&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The above topics will be trained in a corporate way and with examples.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For PHP MySQL ONLINE TRAINING, the duration is 30 days, 15 days fast track is also available.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Feel free to contact us for more details.&lt;br /&gt;harsha@thewebsoft.com&lt;br /&gt;info@thewebsoft.com&lt;br /&gt;+91-9701935333&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6010651104295445490-1537017325172595460?l=lobely.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/feeds/1537017325172595460/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6010651104295445490&amp;postID=1537017325172595460' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/1537017325172595460'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/1537017325172595460'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/2009/07/php-training-in-hyderabad.html' title='php training in hyderabad'/><author><name>prashanth Kumar Rachamalla</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='25' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/Sj9gYKvQYTI/AAAAAAAADg8/O1VIKRxTEJM/S220/cooltext400945784.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/SnA_2y0iOFI/AAAAAAAADjE/IM5KkqBPevk/s72-c/websoft.JPG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6010651104295445490.post-7088574013239562154</id><published>2009-06-30T22:14:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-06-30T22:20:06.628-07:00</updated><title type='text'>How to Improve Your Speaking Voice, Improve Voice</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="stepBg"&gt;Step &lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;                  &lt;p&gt;Breathe from your diaphragm. Practice long and controlled exhales. When you speak, use breath to punctuate your point. For example, take a breath at the end of each phrase whether you need to or not. Use that opportunity to pause and let the listeners absorb what you say.&lt;/p&gt;                 &lt;div class="stepBg"&gt;Step &lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;                  &lt;p&gt;Moderate your volume. Find out if you speak too loudly or too softly. When you begin speaking, ask your audience how your volume is (each situation is different). Try to stay at the appropriate volume throughout your speech.&lt;/p&gt;                 &lt;div class="stepBg"&gt;Step &lt;span&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;                  &lt;p&gt;Moderate your pace. This one is also closely related to breath. If you speak too quickly, people can’t keep up. If you speak too slowly, people will lose interest. Record your speech to determine if you need to change your pace. Get feedback from others.&lt;/p&gt;                 &lt;div class="stepBg"&gt;Step &lt;span&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;                  &lt;p&gt;Use pitch. Lower pitches generally are more soothing to hear. However, modulating your pitch for emphasis will keep your listeners engaged. Develop your pitch by practicing humming.&lt;/p&gt;                 &lt;div class="stepBg"&gt;Step &lt;span&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;                  &lt;p&gt;Articulate. Try exaggerating your lip movement to reduce mumbling. Practice articulating tongue twisters and extending and exaggerating vowel sounds. Become an expert at articulating tongue twisters as quickly and crisply as possible. Focus on the ones you find difficult.&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;When Giving a Speech&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;                 &lt;div class="stepBg"&gt;Step &lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;                  &lt;p&gt;Follow the instructions above on improving your speaking voice.&lt;/p&gt;                 &lt;div class="stepBg"&gt;Step &lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;                  &lt;p&gt;Practice your speech in advance and determine where you want to pause for a breath. For more emphasis, pause for more than one breath. Mark your breathing points in your notes.&lt;/p&gt;                 &lt;div class="stepBg"&gt;Step &lt;span&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;                  &lt;p&gt;Loosen up before you begin. Look side to side. Roll your head in half-circles and roll your shoulders back. Shift your rib cage from side to side. Yawn. Stretch. Touch your toes while completely relaxing your upper body, then slowly stand up, one vertebra at a time, raising your head last. Repeat as needed.&lt;/p&gt;                 &lt;div class="stepBg"&gt;Step &lt;span&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;                  &lt;p&gt;Release tension in your face. Blow through your lips. Move your face through various expressions. Stick out your tongue. Yawn. Stretch your jaw.&lt;/p&gt;                 &lt;div class="stepBg"&gt;Step &lt;span&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;                  &lt;p&gt;Notice your breathing before you begin. Make sure it’s even and natural.&lt;/p&gt;                 &lt;div class="stepBg"&gt;Step &lt;span&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;                  &lt;p&gt;Hum before you begin.&lt;/p&gt;                 &lt;div class="stepBg"&gt;Step &lt;span&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;                  &lt;p&gt;Drink plenty of water. Have water or herbal tea available during your speech. Punctuate your message by pausing for a drink of water at key points. Avoid milk and caffeinated drinks when giving a speech.&lt;/p&gt;                 &lt;div class="stepBg"&gt;Step &lt;span&gt;8&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;                  &lt;p&gt;Stand up straight and tall to allow full lung capacity and airflow.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6010651104295445490-7088574013239562154?l=lobely.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/feeds/7088574013239562154/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6010651104295445490&amp;postID=7088574013239562154' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/7088574013239562154'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/7088574013239562154'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/2009/06/how-to-improve-your-speaking-voice.html' title='How to Improve Your Speaking Voice, Improve Voice'/><author><name>prashanth Kumar Rachamalla</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='25' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/Sj9gYKvQYTI/AAAAAAAADg8/O1VIKRxTEJM/S220/cooltext400945784.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6010651104295445490.post-4514626583113516590</id><published>2009-06-28T20:17:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-06-28T20:19:39.896-07:00</updated><title type='text'>magadheera telugu mp3 songs rapidshare download</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="post-body entry-content"&gt; &lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://magadheeramusic.blogspot.com/"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 200px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_7q0_-eVezNE/SkgVyyi8SnI/AAAAAAAAGJE/xlYDSL-ki_Q/s400/Magadheera.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5352552119435807346" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cast:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);"&gt;Ram Charan Teja&lt;/span&gt;, Kajal Agarwal&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Direction&lt;/strong&gt; : S S Rajamouli&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Music &lt;/span&gt;: M M Keeravani&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Year :&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);"&gt; 2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 102, 0);"&gt;009&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Note : Pls BuY an Original CD . These are just for promotional purpose.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(153, 0, 0);"&gt;.::SONGS LIST::.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;    &lt;/div&gt;&lt;li style="text-align: center;"&gt;Panchdara Bomma Bomma&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;: &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/249778894/Panchdara_Bomma_Bomma_Buy_Original_CD_.mp3"&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;Bangaru Kodi Petta &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;: &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/249780750/Bangaru_Kodi_Petta_Buy_Original_CD_.mp3"&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;Naakosam Nuvvu Juttu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;: &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/249779706/Naakosam_Nuvvu_Juttu_Pekkunte_Buy_Original_CD_.mp3"&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="text-align: center;"&gt;Magadheera&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;: &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/249780054/Magadheera_Buy_Original_CD_.mp3"&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;Dheera Dheea Dheera&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;: &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/249778406/Dheera_Dheea_Dheera_Buy_Original_CD_.mp3"&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;Cheppane Cheputhu Vanka&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;: &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/249779328/Cheppane_Cheputhu_Vanka_Buy_Original_CD_.mp3"&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);"&gt;All Songs In Single File &lt;/span&gt; : &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.com/files/249783610/MagadheerAA_Ezee_s_.zip"&gt; Download&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="post-footer"&gt; &lt;div class="post-footer-line post-footer-line-1"&gt; &lt;span class="star-ratings"&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="post-comment-link"&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="post-backlinks post-comment-link"&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="post-icons"&gt; &lt;span class="item-control blog-admin pid-1171018611"&gt; &lt;a href="post-edit.g?blogID=4018861819418622711&amp;amp;postID=2014223989467407240" title="Edit Post"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="post-footer-line post-footer-line-2"&gt; &lt;span class="post-labels"&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;!-- google_ad_section_end --&gt;  &lt;div class="blog-feeds"&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="blog-pager" id="blog-pager" style="margin-top: 10px;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="clear"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6010651104295445490-4514626583113516590?l=lobely.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/feeds/4514626583113516590/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6010651104295445490&amp;postID=4514626583113516590' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/4514626583113516590'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/4514626583113516590'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/2009/06/magadheera-telugu-mp3-songs-rapidshare.html' title='magadheera telugu mp3 songs rapidshare download'/><author><name>prashanth Kumar Rachamalla</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='25' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/Sj9gYKvQYTI/AAAAAAAADg8/O1VIKRxTEJM/S220/cooltext400945784.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_7q0_-eVezNE/SkgVyyi8SnI/AAAAAAAAGJE/xlYDSL-ki_Q/s72-c/Magadheera.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6010651104295445490.post-7495801285274672010</id><published>2009-06-28T11:21:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-06-28T11:23:18.921-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Watch and download high clarity,divx, anhindi movies, onlined also hindi dubbed english movies online</title><content type='html'>I am happy to present you my new blog, where you can watch or download hindi movies and hindi dubbed english movies online. Its speciality is that it only consists of &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;divx i.e., highclarity telugu movies&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://stage6hindi.blogspot.com" target="_blank"&gt;http://stage6hindi.blogspot.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6010651104295445490-7495801285274672010?l=lobely.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/feeds/7495801285274672010/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6010651104295445490&amp;postID=7495801285274672010' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/7495801285274672010'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/7495801285274672010'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/2009/06/watch-and-download-high-claritydivx_28.html' title='Watch and download high clarity,divx, anhindi movies, onlined also hindi dubbed english movies online'/><author><name>prashanth Kumar Rachamalla</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='25' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/Sj9gYKvQYTI/AAAAAAAADg8/O1VIKRxTEJM/S220/cooltext400945784.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6010651104295445490.post-3548655979605288141</id><published>2009-06-28T11:16:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-06-28T11:20:58.060-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Watch and download high clarity,divx, telugu movies, online</title><content type='html'>I am happy to present you my new blog, where you can watch or download telugu movies online. Its speciality is that it only consists of &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;divx i.e., highclarity telugu movies&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://stage6telugu.blogspot.com" target="_blank"&gt;http://stage6telugu.blogspot.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6010651104295445490-3548655979605288141?l=lobely.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/feeds/3548655979605288141/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6010651104295445490&amp;postID=3548655979605288141' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/3548655979605288141'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/3548655979605288141'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/2009/06/watch-and-download-high-claritydivx.html' title='Watch and download high clarity,divx, telugu movies, online'/><author><name>prashanth Kumar Rachamalla</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='25' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/Sj9gYKvQYTI/AAAAAAAADg8/O1VIKRxTEJM/S220/cooltext400945784.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6010651104295445490.post-2458371114208765672</id><published>2009-06-28T05:20:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-06-28T05:31:21.339-07:00</updated><title type='text'>WEBSOFT- java , dot net , oracle , SAP-HR-FICO-ABAP-SD-MM , SAS training in hyderabad</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www.blogger.com/www.thewebsoft.com"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 75px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/SkdhFk47LEI/AAAAAAAADi0/W9oBIJ5x--k/s320/untitled.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5352353430582799426" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;!--[if !mso]&gt; &lt;style&gt; v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} .shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:worddocument&gt;   &lt;w:view&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:punctuationkerning/&gt;   &lt;w:validateagainstschemas/&gt;   &lt;w:saveifxmlinvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:ignoremixedcontent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:breakwrappedtables/&gt;    &lt;w:snaptogridincell/&gt;    &lt;w:wraptextwithpunct/&gt;    &lt;w:useasianbreakrules/&gt;    &lt;w:dontgrowautofit/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:browserlevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;  &lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;style&gt; &lt;!--  /* Style Definitions */  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal  {mso-style-parent:"";  margin:0in;  margin-bottom:.0001pt;  mso-pagination:widow-orphan;  font-size:12.0pt;  font-family:"Times New Roman";  mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1  {size:8.5in 11.0in;  margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in;  mso-header-margin:.5in;  mso-footer-margin:.5in;  mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1  {page:Section1;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable  {mso-style-name:"Table Normal";  mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;  mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;  mso-style-noshow:yes;  mso-style-parent:"";  mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;  mso-para-margin:0in;  mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;  mso-pagination:widow-orphan;  font-size:10.0pt;  font-family:"Times New Roman";  mso-ansi-language:#0400;  mso-fareast-language:#0400;  mso-bidi-language:#0400;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:12;"  &gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" spt="75" preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f"&gt;  &lt;v:stroke joinstyle="miter"&gt;  &lt;v:formulas&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"&gt;  &lt;/v:formulas&gt;  &lt;v:path extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" connecttype="rect"&gt;  &lt;o:lock ext="edit" aspectratio="t"&gt; &lt;/v:shapetype&gt;&lt;v:shape id="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" style="'width:315.75pt;"&gt;  &lt;v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Sys2\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.jpg" title="Untitled-1 copy"&gt; &lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(255, 153, 0);"&gt;                                        &lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/www.thewebsoft.com"&gt;       http:www.thewebsoft.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  "WEB SOFT" Computer Training institute is trying to built a reputation as a top global provider for quality computer education. "Web Soft" offers a wide range of long-term and short-term IT courses catering to each individual’s unique requirements by using the best faculty with good experience in real time environment. Other than our comprehensive skill-based programmes for individuals,governments and corporates. The best thing about this course is that,not only does it offer you comprehensive training for long period, but also gives you a on-the-job learning experience! This helps our students gain the latest learning and professional accreditations in the industry. For those who cannot devote long time to computer education, "Web Soft" even has many of short-term courses – duration 24 hours to 100 hours – that can enhance your computer skills and offer you "Web Soft" certification, no matter what your specific requirement.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6010651104295445490-2458371114208765672?l=lobely.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/feeds/2458371114208765672/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6010651104295445490&amp;postID=2458371114208765672' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/2458371114208765672'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/2458371114208765672'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/2009/06/websoft-java-dot-net-oracle-sap-hr-fico.html' title='WEBSOFT- java , dot net , oracle , SAP-HR-FICO-ABAP-SD-MM , SAS training in hyderabad'/><author><name>prashanth Kumar Rachamalla</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='25' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/Sj9gYKvQYTI/AAAAAAAADg8/O1VIKRxTEJM/S220/cooltext400945784.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/SkdhFk47LEI/AAAAAAAADi0/W9oBIJ5x--k/s72-c/untitled.JPG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6010651104295445490.post-5819123864501899915</id><published>2009-06-25T02:29:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-06-25T02:30:38.028-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Interview question,What are your strengths and weaknesses? How to answer it?</title><content type='html'>&lt;object height="344" width="425"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/huQb5me0sQw&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;fs=1&amp;amp;rel=0"&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/huQb5me0sQw&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;fs=1&amp;amp;rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" height="344" width="425"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6010651104295445490-5819123864501899915?l=lobely.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/feeds/5819123864501899915/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6010651104295445490&amp;postID=5819123864501899915' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/5819123864501899915'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/5819123864501899915'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/2009/06/interview-questionwhat-are-your.html' title='Interview question,What are your strengths and weaknesses? How to answer it?'/><author><name>prashanth Kumar Rachamalla</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='25' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/Sj9gYKvQYTI/AAAAAAAADg8/O1VIKRxTEJM/S220/cooltext400945784.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6010651104295445490.post-6610133927725865895</id><published>2009-06-23T10:54:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-06-23T10:57:53.469-07:00</updated><title type='text'>how to prepare yourself for the Job Interview, interview preparation, job,</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="" black=""&gt;Most     employers do not hire people based on merit alone. Personality,     confidence, enthusiasm, a positive outlook, and excellent     interpersonal and communication skills count heavily in the     selection process.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="" black=""&gt;    After your cover letter and résumé, the interview is your best     opportunity to wow the employer-regardless of your background and     experience. To do this, use every possible strategy to develop     effective interviewing skills. The best way is to prepare a     selective presentation of your background, thoughtful answers to     potential interview questions, well-researched questions about the     organization, and an effective strategy to market yourself. Also     consider your career goals and what the available job offers so that     you can discuss both of these topics with employers. Interviewing is     a skill that improves and becomes easier with practice. Check with     your school career center or your local Employment Service office to     see if it offers workshops and individual videotaped mock interviews     for practice.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;/span&gt;                &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;     &lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;    &lt;span style="color: rgb(1, 112, 158);"&gt;     Research&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;blockquote&gt;     &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;     &lt;span style="" black=""&gt;It is to your     advantage to carefully research the job and the organization. There     are many ways to do this. You can request printed materials from the     employer, such as annual reports and job descriptions. This is an     entirely appropriate request, so don't hesitate to make it. Use your     library and career center resources. Ask colleagues, friends, and     faculty about the organization, and about any personal contacts at     the organization they might have. Look at the organization's home     page. Knowing about the job will help you prepare a list of your     qualifications so that you can show, point by point, why you are the     best candidate.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;                &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;     &lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;    &lt;span style="color: rgb(1, 112, 158);"&gt;     Practice, practice,     practice&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;blockquote&gt;     &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;     &lt;span style="" black=""&gt;Prepare a     succinct, clear answer to each of the questions in the interview     questions section. Practice answering questions with a friend, or in     front of a mirror. Ask your friend to give you constructive     criticism on your speaking style, mannerisms, and poise. As you     practice, avoid colloquialisms, such as "like" and "you know." Make     sure you don't script all your answers-you'll sound as though you're     reading cue cards! It's important to prepare yourself for talking     with complete strangers.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;               &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;     &lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;    &lt;span style="color: rgb(1, 112, 158);"&gt;     Find out the logistics     of the interview&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;blockquote&gt;     &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="" black=""&gt;     &lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;The more you know, the more focused your answers will be. Find out     when the interview is scheduled, what to expect during it, and how     long you will be there. Also find out if you will be talking to just     one person, or to several.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;     &lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(1, 112, 158);"&gt;Be prompt and     professional &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;    &lt;blockquote&gt;     &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;     &lt;span style="" black=""&gt;Always arrive     early. If you don't know where the organization is located, call for     exact directions in advance. Leave some extra time for any traffic,     parking, or unpredictable events. If you are running late, call     right away and let someone know. The best time to arrive is     approximately 5 - 10 minutes early. Give yourself the time to read     your résumé one more time, to catch your breath, and to be ready for     the interview. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;     &lt;span style="" black=""&gt;Once     you're at the office, treat everyone you encounter with respect. Be     pleasant to everyone as soon as you walk in the door.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;/blockquote&gt;    &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;    &lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;    &lt;span style="color: rgb(1, 112, 158);"&gt;    Dress for success&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;blockquote&gt;     &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;     &lt;span style="" black=""&gt;Wear     a professional business suit. This point cannot be emphasized     enough. First impressions are extremely important in the interview     process. Women should avoid wearing too much jewelry or make up. Men     should avoid flashy suits or wearing too much cologne. It is also     important that you feel comfortable. While a suit is the standard     interview attire in a business environment, if you think it is an     informal environment, call before and ask. Regardless, you can never     be overdressed if you are wearing a tailored suit.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;                &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(1, 112, 158);"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Be organized&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;blockquote&gt;     &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;     &lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black;"&gt;Carry a      portfolio notepad or     &lt;span style="" black=""&gt;at the ver&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" black=""&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;y      least a manila file folder labeled with the employer's name.      Bring extra résumés and have the names, addresses and phone      numbers of references, in case the employer asks. Also, bring a      list of questions for the employer. You may refer to your list      of questions to be sure you've gathered the information you need      to make a decision. Do not be preoccupied with taking notes      during the interview.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;/blockquote&gt;    &lt;b&gt;                &lt;/b&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;    &lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;    &lt;span style="color: rgb(1, 112, 158);"&gt;     Know yourself&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;b&gt;   &lt;/b&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt; &lt;b&gt;    &lt;/b&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;    &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="" black=""&gt;     &lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;You     will make the interview process easier for the employer if you     volunteer relevant information about yourself. Think about how you     want to present your strengths, experiences, education, work style,     skills, and goals. Be prepared to supplement all your answers with     examples that support the statements you make. It is also a good     idea to review your résumé with a critical eye and identify areas     that an employer might see as limitations or want further     information. Think about how you can answer difficult questions     accurately and positively, while keeping each answer brief.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;/blockquote&gt;                &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(1, 112, 158);"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Be honest&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;blockquote&gt;     &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt; An interview gives the employer a chance to get to know you. While you do want to market yourself to the employer, answer each question with an honest response.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;/blockquote&gt;    &lt;b&gt;               &lt;/b&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;    &lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;    &lt;span style="color: rgb(1, 112, 158);"&gt;     Be positive&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;b&gt;   &lt;/b&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt; &lt;b&gt;    &lt;/b&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="" black=""&gt;     &lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;Never say     anything negative about past experiences, employers, or courses and     professors. Always think of something positive about an experience     and talk about that. You should also be enthusiastic. If you are     genuinely interested in the job, let the interviewer know that.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;/blockquote&gt;    &lt;b&gt;               &lt;/b&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;    &lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;    &lt;span style="color: rgb(1, 112, 158);"&gt;     Show your interest&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;b&gt;   &lt;/b&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt; &lt;b&gt;    &lt;/b&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="" black=""&gt;     &lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;One of the best ways to     show you are interested in a job is to demonstrate that you have     researched the organization prior to the interview. You can also     show interest by asking questions about the job, the organization,     and its services and products. The best way to impress an employer     is to ask questions that build upon your interview discussion. This     shows you are interested and paying close attention to the     interviewer. It is a good idea to prepare a few questions in     advance, but an insightful comment based on your conversation can     make an even stronger statement. At the end of an interview, it is     appropriate for you to ask when you may expect to hear from the     employer.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;/blockquote&gt;    &lt;b&gt;               &lt;/b&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;    &lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;    &lt;span style="color: rgb(1, 112, 158);"&gt;     Save discussion of     salary for later&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;b&gt;   &lt;/b&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt; &lt;b&gt;    &lt;/b&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;             &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="" black=""&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;Find out as     much as you can before the interview about the salary levels for the     position you are seeking. Do not bring up the issue of salary during     the first interview. If the interviewer asks about your salary     expectations, give only a general answer, such as that your     expectations seem to be within, or close to their range.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;/blockquote&gt;    &lt;b&gt;                &lt;/b&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(1, 112, 158);"&gt;After-interview notes     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;b&gt;   &lt;/b&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt; &lt;b&gt;    &lt;/b&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="" black=""&gt;     &lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;After the interview, take     time to write down the names and titles (check spelling) of all your     interviewers, your impressions, remaining questions, and any     information that may influence your decision to accept a position     with the organization. If you are interviewing regularly, this will     help you keep employers and circumstances clearly differentiated.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;/blockquote&gt;    &lt;b&gt;                            &lt;/b&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;    &lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;    &lt;span style="color: rgb(1, 112, 158);"&gt;     Always follow up&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;b&gt;   &lt;/b&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt; &lt;b&gt;    &lt;/b&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="" black=""&gt;     &lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;You should write a thank     you note within 48 hours after an interview, even if the interview     (or the interviewer) was not productive and/or you are not     interested in the position. It is important to say thank you for the     time the interviewer spent with you. This letter should be brief.     (Refer to the section on writing thank you letters.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6010651104295445490-6610133927725865895?l=lobely.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/feeds/6610133927725865895/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6010651104295445490&amp;postID=6610133927725865895' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/6610133927725865895'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/6610133927725865895'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/2009/06/how-to-prepare-yourself-for-job.html' title='how to prepare yourself for the Job Interview, interview preparation, job,'/><author><name>prashanth Kumar Rachamalla</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='25' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/Sj9gYKvQYTI/AAAAAAAADg8/O1VIKRxTEJM/S220/cooltext400945784.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6010651104295445490.post-1143404078109503482</id><published>2009-06-23T02:21:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-06-23T03:07:54.644-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='devotional'/><title type='text'>Patriji yoga, dyana sutras, meditation in telugu</title><content type='html'>&lt;b&gt;Patanjali Yoga Sutras-1&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;object width="425" height="344"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/zgYBKl-vIYE&amp;hl=en&amp;fs=1&amp;rel=0"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/zgYBKl-vIYE&amp;hl=en&amp;fs=1&amp;rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Patanjali Yoga Sutras-2&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;object width="425" height="344"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/szqFVKn4KY8&amp;hl=en&amp;fs=1&amp;rel=0"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/szqFVKn4KY8&amp;hl=en&amp;fs=1&amp;rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Patanjali Yoga Sutras-3&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;object width="425" height="344"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/Un2Aep-rZLw&amp;hl=en&amp;fs=1&amp;rel=0"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/Un2Aep-rZLw&amp;hl=en&amp;fs=1&amp;rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Patanjali Yoga Sutras-4&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;object width="425" height="344"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/eyBaq8VFfQY&amp;hl=en&amp;fs=1&amp;rel=0"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/eyBaq8VFfQY&amp;hl=en&amp;fs=1&amp;rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Patanjali Yoga Sutras-5&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;object width="425" height="344"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/E1k_iFZ7OF4&amp;hl=en&amp;fs=1&amp;rel=0"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/E1k_iFZ7OF4&amp;hl=en&amp;fs=1&amp;rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6010651104295445490-1143404078109503482?l=lobely.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/feeds/1143404078109503482/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6010651104295445490&amp;postID=1143404078109503482' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/1143404078109503482'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/1143404078109503482'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/2009/06/patriji-yoga-dyana-sutras-meditation-in.html' title='Patriji yoga, dyana sutras, meditation in telugu'/><author><name>prashanth Kumar Rachamalla</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='25' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/Sj9gYKvQYTI/AAAAAAAADg8/O1VIKRxTEJM/S220/cooltext400945784.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6010651104295445490.post-8164942396412719218</id><published>2009-06-22T10:37:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-06-22T10:38:45.807-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Install more then 100 games in one command with Djl</title><content type='html'>&lt;p align="justify"&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;Djl is an open-source (GPL licensed) game manager written in Python 2.5 for the GNU/Linux &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Operating Systems. It is inspired by Valve's Steam&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; software for Windows.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-weight: normal;" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Djl makes it possible (via a repository) to download, install and remove a reasonable number&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-weight: normal;" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span&gt; of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;games&lt;span style="font-family:Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 153, 0); text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(0, 153, 0); font-size: 13px; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;" class="IL_LINK_STYLE"&gt;&lt;/span&gt; placed into a distrobution independent subdirectory (but without dealing with any &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-weight: normal;" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;dependencies). It can also execute ,desktop shortcuts located in another directory.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div align="justify"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-weight: normal;" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Actually Djl have more that 105 game in his repository, &lt;span class="IL_SPAN"&gt;&lt;input name="IL_MARKER" type="hidden"&gt;games&lt;/span&gt; like Alien Arena, Blood Frontier........,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-weight: normal;" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.djl-linux.org/?q=node/20" target="_blank"&gt;see the complete list of games.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-weight: normal;" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;To install Djl download the tar file from this link :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.djl-linux.org/?q=node/19" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;http://en.djl-linux.org/?q=node/19&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-weight: normal;" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;then download the latest version djl-1.2.14.tar.gz&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-weight: normal;" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Now before to install the game be sure that these dependencies are installed :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-weight: normal;" align="justify"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;python&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-weight: normal;" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;python-qt4&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-weight: normal;" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;If the dependencies are not installed then use : &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-weight: normal;" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;For fedora/redhat/centos, under root :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-weight: normal;" align="justify"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;yum install python python-qt4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-weight: normal;" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;For Ubuntu :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt; &lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style="color:#003300;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;sudo apt-get install python python-qt4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-weight: normal;" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Now after the dependecies are installed we will extract the downloaded file djl-1.2.14.tar.gz&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt; &lt;pre style="margin-bottom: 0.2in; font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#003300;"&gt;tar -zxvf  djl-1.2.14.tar.gz&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-weight: normal;" align="justify"&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Go to the folder where you &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;extracted&lt;span style="font-family:Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 153, 0); text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(0, 153, 0); font-size: 13px; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;" class="IL_LINK_STYLE"&gt;&lt;/span&gt; the tar file : &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt; &lt;pre style="margin-bottom: 0.2in; font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#003300;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;cd   djl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-weight: normal;" align="justify"&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;And launch the installation using this command : &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt; &lt;pre style="margin-bottom: 0.2in; font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#003300;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;sh djl.sh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-weight: normal;" align="justify"&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Please indicate the install directory and location of your browser &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-weight: normal;" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;the script will contact the Linux &lt;span class="IL_SPAN"&gt;&lt;input name="IL_MARKER" type="hidden"&gt;games&lt;/span&gt; servers and download some &lt;span class="IL_SPAN"&gt;&lt;input name="IL_MARKER" type="hidden"&gt;games&lt;/span&gt; for you , plus their &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-weight: normal;" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;plugins and chat between gamers.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-weight: normal;" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Now once the &lt;span class="IL_SPAN"&gt;&lt;input name="IL_MARKER" type="hidden"&gt;games&lt;/span&gt; are installed, they can be launched from main window, which not only&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-weight: normal;" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span&gt; contains &lt;span class="IL_SPAN"&gt;&lt;input name="IL_MARKER" type="hidden"&gt;games&lt;/span&gt; that are installed from the repository, but also shortcuts as .desktop files.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;strong&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Enjoy and if you like it, don`t forget to digg it :)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Screenshot-djl_1.2.8.png" border="0" height="544" width="736" /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;img src="http://i671.photobucket.com/albums/vv77/ZINOVSKY/install%20100%20games/Screenshot-1.png" border="0" height="640" width="800" /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6010651104295445490-8164942396412719218?l=lobely.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/feeds/8164942396412719218/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6010651104295445490&amp;postID=8164942396412719218' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/8164942396412719218'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/8164942396412719218'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/2009/06/install-more-then-100-games-in-one.html' title='Install more then 100 games in one command with Djl'/><author><name>prashanth Kumar Rachamalla</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='25' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/Sj9gYKvQYTI/AAAAAAAADg8/O1VIKRxTEJM/S220/cooltext400945784.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://i671.photobucket.com/albums/vv77/ZINOVSKY/install%20100%20games/th_Screenshot-1.png' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6010651104295445490.post-7671537898258923703</id><published>2009-06-22T10:26:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-06-22T10:27:48.748-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Great themes for Ubuntu 9.04 and how to install</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;The installation is easy because can be done after adding a repository, so with sudo apt-get install theme-name you can have the theme installed,&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Now i will show you the steps you have to follow to install the &lt;span class="IL_SPAN"&gt;&lt;input name="IL_MARKER" type="hidden"&gt;themes&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;                &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;To add the repository ,open &lt;span style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 153, 0); text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(0, 153, 0); font-size: 12px; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="IL_LINK_STYLE"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;the source&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span&gt; list :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt; &lt;pre style="margin-bottom: 0in;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#003300;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt; add these 2 lines at the end of the sources.list:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;  &lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style="color:#003300;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/bisigi/ppa/ubuntu &lt;span class="IL_SPAN"&gt;&lt;input name="IL_MARKER" type="hidden"&gt;jaunty&lt;/span&gt; main &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style="color:#003300;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/bisigi/ppa/ubuntu &lt;span class="IL_SPAN"&gt;&lt;input name="IL_MARKER" type="hidden"&gt;jaunty&lt;/span&gt; main&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0in;" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt; after open the terminal and add the repository verification key :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#003300;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt; &lt;span style="font-size: 9pt;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;span&gt;sudo apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.&lt;span class="IL_SPAN"&gt;&lt;input name="IL_MARKER" type="hidden"&gt;ubuntu&lt;/span&gt;.com 0x1781bd45c4c3275a34bb6aec6e871c4a881574de&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;Now update the cache&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style="color:#003300;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;sudo apt-get update&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;img src="http://francois.vogelweith.com/images/stories/themes_screens/balanzan/ubuntufr-pres.jpg" border="0" height="114" width="400" /&gt; &lt;a href="http://francois.vogelweith.com/images/stories/themes_screens/Gnome_step/headtheme-gnome-step.jpg" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img src="http://francois.vogelweith.com/images/stories/themes_screens/Gnome_step/headtheme-gnome-step.jpg" border="0" height="114" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Now, If you want to install the  &lt;span class="IL_SPAN"&gt;&lt;input name="IL_MARKER" type="hidden"&gt;themes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;span style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 153, 0); text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(0, 153, 0); font-size: 12px; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="IL_LINK_STYLE"&gt;one by one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; ,then you will have to type the command &lt;span style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 153, 0); text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(0, 153, 0); font-size: 12px; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="IL_LINK_STYLE"&gt;correspondent&lt;/span&gt; to the theme you want to install (first follow the steps above to add the repositories)  :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1-Showtime for Gnome :&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;color:#003300;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;sudo apt-get install showtime-theme &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a class="lightbox" href="http://francois.vogelweith.com/images/stories/themes_screens/showtime/pres1.jpg" target="_parent" rel="lightbox;width=800;height=600"&gt;&lt;img class="lightbox" src="http://francois.vogelweith.com/images/stories/themes_screens/showtime/pres1.jpg" border="0" height="188" width="300" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;2- Balanzan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#003300;"&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;sudo apt-get install balanzan-theme &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;a class="lightbox" href="http://francois.vogelweith.com/images/stories/themes_screens/balanzan/balanzan_pres.jpg" target="_parent rel=" title="Balanzan" rel="lightbox;width=800;height=600"&gt;&lt;img class="lightbox" src="http://francois.vogelweith.com/images/stories/themes_screens/balanzan/balanzan_pres.jpg" border="0" height="188" width="300" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;2-Infinity &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;color:#003300;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;sudo apt-get install infinity-theme &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;a class="lightbox" href="http://francois.vogelweith.com/images/stories/themes_screens/infinity/infinity-pres.jpg" target="_parent" rel="lightbox;width=800;height=600"&gt;&lt;img class="lightbox" src="http://francois.vogelweith.com/images/stories/themes_screens/infinity/infinity-pres.jpg" border="0" height="188" width="300" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;3-Wild shine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;color:#003300;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt; sudo apt-get install wild-shine-theme &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt; &lt;a href="http://francois.vogelweith.com/images/stories/themes_screens/wild-shine/wild-pres.jpg" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img src="http://francois.vogelweith.com/images/stories/themes_screens/wild-shine/wild-pres.jpg" border="0" height="188" width="300" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;4-Exotic  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;sudo apt-get install exotic-theme&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt; &lt;a href="http://francois.vogelweith.com/images/stories/themes_screens/exotic/exotic.jpg" target="_parent"&gt;&lt;img src="http://francois.vogelweith.com/images/stories/themes_screens/exotic/exotic.jpg" border="0" height="188" width="300" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;5- Tropical  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;color:#003300;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;sudo apt-get install tropical-theme &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt; &lt;a href="http://francois.vogelweith.com/images/stories/themes_screens/Tropical/tropical-prsentation.jpg" target="_parent"&gt;&lt;img src="http://francois.vogelweith.com/images/stories/themes_screens/Tropical/tropical-prsentation.jpg" border="0" height="188" width="300" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;6-Bamboo Zen  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;color:#003300;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;sudo apt-get inst&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;color:#003300;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;all bamboo-zen-theme&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;a href="http://francois.vogelweith.com/images/stories/themes_screens/Bamboo-Zen/bamboo-prs.jpg" target="_parent"&gt;&lt;img src="http://francois.vogelweith.com/images/stories/themes_screens/Bamboo-Zen/bamboo-prs.jpg" border="0" height="188" width="300" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;span&gt;7- &lt;span class="IL_SPAN"&gt;&lt;input name="IL_MARKER" type="hidden"&gt;Ubuntu&lt;/span&gt; sunrise&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;color:#003300;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;  sudo apt-get install ubuntu-sunrise-theme &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;a href="http://francois.vogelweith.com/images/stories/themes_screens/ubuntu_sunrise/ubuntu_presentation.jpg" target="_parent"&gt;&lt;img src="http://francois.vogelweith.com/images/stories/themes_screens/ubuntu_sunrise/ubuntu_presentation.jpg" border="0" height="188" width="251" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;8-  Aqua Dreams  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;color:#003300;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;sudo apt-get install aquadreams-theme &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;a href="http://francois.vogelweith.com/images/stories/themes_screens/zgegtheme_aqua/expose.jpg" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img src="http://francois.vogelweith.com/images/stories/themes_screens/zgegtheme_aqua/expose.jpg" border="0" height="188" width="251" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;To remove thethemes you have to use the command :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;pre align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#003300;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;sudo apt-get remove theme-name &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6010651104295445490-7671537898258923703?l=lobely.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/feeds/7671537898258923703/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6010651104295445490&amp;postID=7671537898258923703' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/7671537898258923703'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/7671537898258923703'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/2009/06/great-themes-for-ubuntu-904-and-how-to.html' title='Great themes for Ubuntu 9.04 and how to install'/><author><name>prashanth Kumar Rachamalla</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='25' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/Sj9gYKvQYTI/AAAAAAAADg8/O1VIKRxTEJM/S220/cooltext400945784.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6010651104295445490.post-7604733439691726814</id><published>2009-06-22T04:48:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-06-22T04:59:37.006-07:00</updated><title type='text'>DJ Music Softwares</title><content type='html'>&lt;table class="SoftwareTable" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Title&lt;/th&gt;       &lt;th&gt;Rating&lt;/th&gt;       &lt;th&gt;Download&lt;/th&gt;      &lt;/tr&gt;      &lt;tr&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sonicspot.com/abletonlive/abletonlive.html"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Ableton Live&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt; - Ableton Live brings to music creation, production and performance the flexibility of loop based software plus the power of full fledged music production suites.&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.sonicspot.com/images/star-small.gif" border="0" height="15" width="15" /&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.sonicspot.com/images/star-small.gif" border="0" height="15" width="15" /&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.sonicspot.com/images/star-small.gif" border="0" height="15" width="15" /&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.sonicspot.com/images/star-small.gif" border="0" height="15" width="15" /&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.sonicspot.com/images/star-small.gif" border="0" height="15" width="15" /&gt;&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ableton.com/index.php?main=downloads"&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.sonicspot.com/images/linkware.gif" alt="Link" border="0" height="32" width="32" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;      &lt;/tr&gt;      &lt;tr&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sonicspot.com/analogxscratch/analogxscratch.html"&gt;&lt;b&gt;AnalogX Scratch&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt; - An simple program that simulates "scratching" a record with digital audio samples and a simple interface.&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;n/a&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sonicspot.com/analogxscratch/scratchi.exe"&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.sonicspot.com/images/freeware.gif" alt="Freeware" border="0" height="32" width="32" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; 338.3 KB &lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/td&gt;      &lt;/tr&gt;      &lt;tr&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sonicspot.com/beatmaster/beatmaster.html"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Beat Master&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt; - A simple BPM list generator for DJs.&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;n/a&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sonicspot.com/beatmaster/beatctrl.zip"&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.sonicspot.com/images/freeware.gif" alt="Freeware" border="0" height="32" width="32" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; 854.3 KB &lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/td&gt;      &lt;/tr&gt;      &lt;tr&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sonicspot.com/beatcalc/beatcalc.html"&gt;&lt;b&gt;BeatCalc&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt; - Finds the tempo (in BPM) for a WAV file, tap speed or manual input   and then calculates delay times, LFO speeds and pitch transpositions.&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;n/a&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sonicspot.com/beatcalc/BC25.zip"&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.sonicspot.com/images/freeware.gif" alt="Freeware" border="0" height="32" width="32" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; 1.6 MB &lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/td&gt;      &lt;/tr&gt;      &lt;tr&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sonicspot.com/beatit/beatit.html"&gt;&lt;b&gt;BeatIt!&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt; - Manual BPM counter with 4 memory banks for tapping in tempos.&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;n/a&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sonicspot.com/beatit/bpm.zip"&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.sonicspot.com/images/freeware.gif" alt="Freeware" border="0" height="32" width="32" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; 136.1 KB &lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/td&gt;      &lt;/tr&gt;      &lt;tr&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sonicspot.com/bpmstudio/bpmstudio.html"&gt;&lt;b&gt;BPM Studio&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt; - Digital audio mixing software for professional DJ's that plays MP2, MP3, WAV, CDA and WMA files on up to 6 sound cards.&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;n/a&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sonicspot.com/bpmstudio/bpmdemo.exe"&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.sonicspot.com/images/demo.gif" alt="Demo" border="0" height="32" width="32" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; 4.0 MB &lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/td&gt;      &lt;/tr&gt;      &lt;tr&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sonicspot.com/bpmmeter/bpmmeter.html"&gt;&lt;b&gt;BPM-Meter&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt; - Automatically measures the beats per minute of an incoming audio signal.&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;n/a&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sonicspot.com/bpmmeter/BPM_Meter.exe"&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.sonicspot.com/images/freeware.gif" alt="Freeware" border="0" height="32" width="32" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; 41.5 KB &lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/td&gt;      &lt;/tr&gt;      &lt;tr&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sonicspot.com/cdumper/cdumper.html"&gt;&lt;b&gt;CDumper&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt; - Controlling up to 15 CD-Drives on a single computer simultaneously with pitch, tempo, 3D positioning and effects for each.&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;n/a&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sonicspot.com/cdumper/CDumper.zip"&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.sonicspot.com/images/demo.gif" alt="Demo" border="0" height="32" width="32" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; 5.5 MB &lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/td&gt;      &lt;/tr&gt;      &lt;tr&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sonicspot.com/deejaysystemmk-i/deejaysystemmk-i.html"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Deejaysystem Mk-I&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt; - &lt;p&gt;DeejaysystemÂ™ Mk-I  is a simple yet DJ-Oriented audio player.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;n/a&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://download.deejaysystem.com/djs/djsmkir5a.exe"&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.sonicspot.com/images/linkware.gif" alt="Link" border="0" height="32" width="32" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;      &lt;/tr&gt;      &lt;tr&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sonicspot.com/digital1200sl/digital1200sl.html"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Digital 1200SL&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt; - Professional DJ software that lets you mix MP3 and WAV files between two players with a virtual DJ interface.&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;n/a&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sonicspot.com/digital1200sl/setup12.EXE"&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.sonicspot.com/images/demo.gif" alt="Demo" border="0" height="32" width="32" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; 1.8 MB &lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/td&gt;      &lt;/tr&gt;      &lt;tr&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sonicspot.com/discosoft/discosoft.html"&gt;&lt;b&gt;DiscoSoft&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt; - Digital audio mixing software that plays MP2, MP3, WAV, CD and WMA files on up to 3 sound cards, plus includes a bunch of extras.&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;n/a&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sonicspot.com/discosoft/discosoftidemo.exe"&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.sonicspot.com/images/demo.gif" alt="Demo" border="0" height="32" width="32" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; 5.3 MB &lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/td&gt;      &lt;/tr&gt;      &lt;tr&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sonicspot.com/djmaster/djmaster.html"&gt;&lt;b&gt;DJ Master&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt; - A digital audio player that plays audio files in a wide variety of modes for  mixing and creating play lists.&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;n/a&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sonicspot.com/djmaster/djm224.exe"&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.sonicspot.com/images/demo.gif" alt="Demo" border="0" height="32" width="32" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; 680.7 KB &lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/td&gt;      &lt;/tr&gt;      &lt;tr&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sonicspot.com/djbpm/djbpm.html"&gt;&lt;b&gt;DJBPM&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt; - Manual BPM counter software for disc jockeys.&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;n/a&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sonicspot.com/djbpm/djsetup.exe"&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.sonicspot.com/images/freeware.gif" alt="Freeware" border="0" height="32" width="32" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; 1.5 MB &lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/td&gt;      &lt;/tr&gt;      &lt;tr&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sonicspot.com/djpower/djpower.html"&gt;&lt;b&gt;DJPower&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt; - A full encompassing program to meet all the needs of a modern and professional DJ.  (see Terms for demo password)&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;n/a&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sonicspot.com/djpower/DJPowerDemo.exe"&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.sonicspot.com/images/demo.gif" alt="Demo" border="0" height="32" width="32" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; 3.1 MB &lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/td&gt;      &lt;/tr&gt;      &lt;tr&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sonicspot.com/dr-benway/dr-benway.html"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Dr Benway&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt; - The Dr Benway is a free plug-in VST beatslicer effect for Windows only.&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;n/a&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.brokengadget.co.uk/Dr%20Benway.zip"&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.sonicspot.com/images/linkware.gif" alt="Link" border="0" height="32" width="32" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;      &lt;/tr&gt;      &lt;tr&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sonicspot.com/liveslice/liveslice.html"&gt;&lt;b&gt;LiveSlice&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt; - LiveSlice is a beat slicer that can load up to 64 wave files at a time, slice them up and combine the slices in the multitrack arranger. &lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;n/a&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://livelab.dk/downloads.php"&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.sonicspot.com/images/linkware.gif" alt="Link" border="0" height="32" width="32" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;      &lt;/tr&gt;      &lt;tr&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sonicspot.com/mgcdj2000/mgcdj2000.html"&gt;&lt;b&gt;MGC DJ 2000&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt; - Very basic DJ software that provides 3 players and 19 customizable sound effects. Uses Windows Media Player to support a wide range of formats.&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;n/a&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sonicspot.com/mgcdj2000/MGCDJ2000Full.exe"&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.sonicspot.com/images/freeware.gif" alt="Freeware" border="0" height="32" width="32" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; 0 bytes &lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/td&gt;      &lt;/tr&gt;      &lt;tr&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sonicspot.com/mixvibes/mixvibes.html"&gt;&lt;b&gt;MixVibes&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt; - DJ application that lets you play and mix multiple sound files (MPEG, WAV and more) on up to 16 channels using 1 to 4 sound cards/devices.&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.sonicspot.com/images/star-small.gif" border="0" height="15" width="15" /&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.sonicspot.com/images/star-small.gif" border="0" height="15" width="15" /&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.sonicspot.com/images/star-small.gif" border="0" height="15" width="15" /&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.sonicspot.com/images/star-small.gif" border="0" height="15" width="15" /&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.sonicspot.com/images/star-small.gif" border="0" height="15" width="15" /&gt;&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sonicspot.com/mixvibes/mixvibes210.exe"&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.sonicspot.com/images/shareware.gif" alt="Shareware" border="0" height="32" width="32" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; 721.0 KB &lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/td&gt;      &lt;/tr&gt;      &lt;tr&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sonicspot.com/mjstudio/mjstudio.html"&gt;&lt;b&gt;MJ Studio&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt; - A virtual mixing console for the digital DJ.&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;n/a&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sonicspot.com/mjstudio/MJSTUDIO101.EXE"&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.sonicspot.com/images/demo.gif" alt="Demo" border="0" height="32" width="32" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; 2.2 MB &lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/td&gt;      &lt;/tr&gt;      &lt;tr&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sonicspot.com/opensebj/opensebj.html"&gt;&lt;b&gt;OpenSebJ&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt; - An Open Source Realtime Audio Mixing Tool&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;n/a&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.evolvingsoftware.com/download.html"&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.sonicspot.com/images/linkware.gif" alt="Link" border="0" height="32" width="32" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;      &lt;/tr&gt;      &lt;tr&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sonicspot.com/otscdscratch1200/otscdscratch1200.html"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Ots CD Scratch 1200&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt; - Free "Virtual Turntables CD Player". Play two songs from the same CD at the same time - one forwards and one in reverse!&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;n/a&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://cdscratch.com/download/"&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.sonicspot.com/images/linkware.gif" alt="Link" border="0" height="32" width="32" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;      &lt;/tr&gt;      &lt;tr&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sonicspot.com/otsdj/otsdj.html"&gt;&lt;b&gt;OtsDJ&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt; - CD/MP3 Radio and DJ software, auto mixing, smooth audio compressor.&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;n/a&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.otsdj.com/download/otsdjdemo.html"&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.sonicspot.com/images/linkware.gif" alt="Link" border="0" height="32" width="32" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;      &lt;/tr&gt;      &lt;tr&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sonicspot.com/ots-turntables/ots-turntables.html"&gt;&lt;b&gt;OtsTurntables&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt; - OtsTurntables is a DJ program that empowers you to scratch, play backwards/forwards, tempo/pitch-shift and mix audio. There is a free version and several levels of commercial versions &lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;n/a&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;      &lt;/tr&gt;      &lt;tr&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sonicspot.com/pcdjmixmaster/pcdjmixmaster.html"&gt;&lt;b&gt;PCDJ Mix Master&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt; - DJ software that lets you mix MP3 files between two players with a virtual DJ interface.&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;n/a&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sonicspot.com/pcdjmixmaster/setup85.EXE"&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.sonicspot.com/images/demo.gif" alt="Demo" border="0" height="32" width="32" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; 1.8 MB &lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/td&gt;      &lt;/tr&gt;      &lt;tr&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sonicspot.com/pcdj/pcdj.html"&gt;&lt;b&gt;PCDJ PHAT&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt; - Simple DJ software that lets you mix MP3 files and CD audio tracks between two players with a virtual DJ interface, plus CD ripping and more.&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;n/a&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sonicspot.com/pcdj/pcdj30102.exe"&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.sonicspot.com/images/freeware.gif" alt="Freeware" border="0" height="32" width="32" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; 2.6 MB &lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/td&gt;      &lt;/tr&gt;      &lt;tr&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sonicspot.com/pitchcalc/pitchcalc.html"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Pitch Calc.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt; - A program for calculating relative pitch settings for mixing songs of different tempos.&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;n/a&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sonicspot.com/pitchcalc/pcalc.zip"&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.sonicspot.com/images/freeware.gif" alt="Freeware" border="0" height="32" width="32" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; 346.0 KB &lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/td&gt;      &lt;/tr&gt;      &lt;tr&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sonicspot.com/stylus-rmx/stylus-rmx.html"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Stylus RMX&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt; - Stylus RMX is a groove-based virtual instrument plug-in for Macintosh and Windows.&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;n/a&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;      &lt;/tr&gt;      &lt;tr&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sonicspot.com/sxratch/sxratch.html"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Sxratch&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt; - Sxratch is a free VST plug in Virtual Scratcher.&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;n/a&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://klanglabs.siliconemusic.com/freebies/Sxratch/Sxratch_2.zip"&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.sonicspot.com/images/linkware.gif" alt="Link" border="0" height="32" width="32" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;      &lt;/tr&gt;      &lt;tr&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sonicspot.com/tactile12000/tactile12000.html"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Tactile 12000&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt; - A 3-D, interactive simulation of a DJ setup.&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;n/a&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sonicspot.com/tactile12000/t12000r50.exe"&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.sonicspot.com/images/demo.gif" alt="Demo" border="0" height="32" width="32" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; 3.1 MB &lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/td&gt;      &lt;/tr&gt;      &lt;tr&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sonicspot.com/traktor/traktor.html"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Traktor&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt; - DJ-mixing tool that provides 2 players, a playlist section, mixer, beat matcher, digital scratcher, cue section, filters and extensive automation.&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;n/a&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sonicspot.com/traktor/TraktorDemo.exe"&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.sonicspot.com/images/demo.gif" alt="Demo" border="0" height="32" width="32" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; 3.8 MB &lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/td&gt;      &lt;/tr&gt;      &lt;tr&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sonicspot.com/traktordjstudio3/traktordjstudio3.html"&gt;&lt;b&gt;TRAKTOR DJ Studio 3&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt; - &lt;p&gt;TRAKTOR DJ Studio 3 brings new features including four decks and integrated mixer to the versatile and comprehensive digital DJing solution.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;n/a&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nativeinstruments.de/index.php?traktor_us"&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.sonicspot.com/images/linkware.gif" alt="Link" border="0" height="32" width="32" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;      &lt;/tr&gt;      &lt;tr&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sonicspot.com/ultramixer2/ultramixer2.html"&gt;&lt;b&gt;UltraMixer 2&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt; - &lt;p&gt; UltraMixer is a DJ-Mixing-Software for Linux or Windows.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;n/a&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;      &lt;/tr&gt;      &lt;tr&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sonicspot.com/virtualdjstudio/virtualdjstudio.html"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Virtual DJ Studio&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt; - Mixes MPEG and WAV files on 6 lines and has an AutoPilot line for playlist support.&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;n/a&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sonicspot.com/virtualdjstudio/vdj140.zip"&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.sonicspot.com/images/shareware.gif" alt="Shareware" border="0" height="32" width="32" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; 6.9 MB &lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/td&gt;      &lt;/tr&gt;      &lt;tr&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sonicspot.com/virtualturntables/virtualturntables.html"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Virtual Turntables&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt; - Allows you to mix MP3s and WAVs like you would CDs with a real mixer and multiple DJ CD decks.&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.sonicspot.com/images/star-small.gif" border="0" height="15" width="15" /&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.sonicspot.com/images/star-small.gif" border="0" height="15" width="15" /&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.sonicspot.com/images/star-small.gif" border="0" height="15" width="15" /&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.sonicspot.com/images/star-small.gif" border="0" height="15" width="15" /&gt;&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;td&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sonicspot.com/virtualturntables/vtt180.exe"&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.sonicspot.com/images/shareware.gif" alt="Shareware" border="0" height="32" width="32" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; 3.6 MB &lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6010651104295445490-7604733439691726814?l=lobely.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/feeds/7604733439691726814/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6010651104295445490&amp;postID=7604733439691726814' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/7604733439691726814'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/7604733439691726814'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/2009/06/dj-music-softwares.html' title='DJ Music Softwares'/><author><name>prashanth Kumar Rachamalla</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='25' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/Sj9gYKvQYTI/AAAAAAAADg8/O1VIKRxTEJM/S220/cooltext400945784.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6010651104295445490.post-6386320601310733649</id><published>2009-06-22T04:46:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-06-22T04:48:40.233-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='web'/><title type='text'>Easy and Simple 10 Tips to Drive Traffic to Your Site</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="text"&gt;            &lt;p&gt;There are plenty of tips on how to drive traffic to your website. What follows is a few tips from my experiences.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Before I start listing the 10 tips there is one general piece of advice, to do with research really. Before you begin doing any kind of promotion you’ll need to think about what kind of visitors you want to visit your site. Getting people to your site is one thing but if they’re not interested in your site at all then why waste bandwidth on them? Think about where these people are likely to be, and do a bit of searching on google to find these websites. Type in keywords these people might type into google and you’ll find sites they’re likely to be visiting frequently. Make a list of these sites as they’ll come in handy, try and find about 10.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;1. Blog Comments&lt;br /&gt;Now it’s time to put your list to use. In your list you should have a few blogs. Head over to these blogs and start reading posts. When you come across a post you have a response or an opinion on, write a comment about their post. The trick here is not to promote your site, the comment should be about their blog post giving your opinions. The reason for this is two fold, firstly if your comment is just promoting your site the blog owner will probably delete the comment thinking it is spam. Secondly, if other visitors to the blog see you commenting regularly and appear to be knowledgeable on the subject, they are more likely to visit your site. Of course, comment forms usually include a website box, which will make your name clickable. So you are still getting your website link in there, but you are giving it more importance and increasing the chance people will actually click it by commenting something meaningful.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Once you’ve done this on the blogs you found in your research, you can try and find similar sites on Google, using your keywords and “blog”. You should also visit all of the blogs regularly, if not daily, commenting regularly. The more links back the better!&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2. Forums&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Next up go back to your list of sites and you are likely to find some of them are (or have) forums. In a similar way to blogs, you shouldn’t join forums to advertise your site on. What you should do is join up and contribute to the discussions. Read threads and if you have an opinion or response, post up a reply. Even start some topics to get some discussions going. In your control panel you can set a signature, which is attached to all your posts. Pop in a link to your website and your website link will appear on all your posts! Again, the theory behind this is to let people know you know what you’re talking about. If people see you to be knowledgeable on the subject, they will trust you more, and are therefore more likely to visit your website.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Once you’ve done this on the forums you found in your research, you can try and find similar sites on Google, using your keywords and “forum”. You should also visit all of the forums regularly, if not daily, posting regularly. The more links back the better!&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3. Articles&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Writing articles about your subject can drive a significant amount of traffic to your site, and there are two ways you can do this. You will need to write some quality articles about your niche, articles about things your target audience will want to read.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The first way to use these articles is to have an articles section on your site (or indeed a blog). Put your articles up and use Social Bookmarking (see No.5) sites to drive traffic to them. They will also fill your pages with keywords that will help with your SEO (see No.4).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The second way is to submit articles to article directories, such as &lt;a href="http://ezinearticles.com/" target="_blank"&gt;ezine articles&lt;/a&gt;. To do this the article must not be published elsewhere on the internet. These article directories allow users to publish these articles on their websites, keeping the entire article intact. So all links in your article will appear on many websites around the net! You can also include an “About Me” section with each article, which is where you say a little bit about your website and have a link to it - again this will appear on any website the article is published on.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;One trick you can use when submitting to article directories is what is known as “spinning” articles. This is simply rewriting articles so that the content is slightly different. Because the two articles are not identical you can publish one on your website and one on an article directory. A good way to do this is read an article you’ve written, and then attempt to write it again without looking back. You’ll end up with a different article.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;4. SEO&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;SEO (Search Engine Optimisation) is a whole beast of its own. I’ll just put a summary of things you should be doing here, and go into more detail in a future article.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;You should be targeting certain keywords (you thought of these during your research). These keywords should appear in your page title (in the browser window), in your meta description, meta keywords, h1 tag, in one tag, in image alt tags and in your page content a few times. The trick is to include these keywords while still keeping your text humanly readable. Other good places are in your domain name and image file names.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;On top of the above, keeping your code clean and fully XHTML/CSS will help a little, while also keeping your site nice and super fast.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Finally incoming links to your site are important too. Put simply, the more people linking to your website, the more important your site is seen to be, and therefore it deserves to be higher in the rankings. Taking Google as an example, each web page has a “Page Rank” between 1 and 10 which determines how important that page is. The more links back you have the higher your Page Rank will be. How important the pages linking to you are is important also. A link from a Page Rank 8 page will be much more beneficial than one from a Page Rank 1 page. A lot of the promotion methods here involve increasing the number of links you have pointing to your site. Things to avoid are just spamming places with your link, and pages that are just full of external links.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;5. Social Bookmarking/Networking&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Social Bookmarking sites are sites such as &lt;a href="http://technorati.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Technorati&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://digg.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Digg&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://stumbleupon.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Stumble Upon&lt;/a&gt; etc. There are lots of them out there, and the idea is based around sharing links with others. Typically the best links receive more kudos from the community, and therefore more traffic is sent your way. When joining these sites it is a good idea to participate in the community before submitting your own links, making a few friends and showing that you are real and not just there to submit your links.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Social Networking sites are sites such as &lt;a href="http://facebook.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Facebook&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://twitter.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Twitter&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://myspace.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Myspace&lt;/a&gt; etc. These sites have a community feel about them, and are based around connecting with others. Again joining these sites and being a part of the community is the way to go. Contributing and connecting with people.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;6. Directories&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Directory submissions can provide you with decent traffic and back links. I would suggest going for the big directories such as &lt;a href="http://dmoz.org/" target="_blank"&gt;DMOZ&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="http://dir.yahoo.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Yahoo&lt;/a&gt;, along with niche specific directories for more targeted links.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;7. PR&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Traditional PR and online PR is good for raising your website’s profile and sending some traffic your way. A good press release is key for this, and I would probably recommend getting some advice or even hiring someone to write it for you. A good online PR distribution service is &lt;a href="http://prweb.com/" target="_blank"&gt;PR Web&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;8. Offline Promotion&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Even though your website is online, offline promotion shouldn’t be ignored. Business cards, flyers, ads in newspapers and magazines, posters and networking can all help in getting people to your site, especially if your site is localised or for a specific audience.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;9. Product Feeds&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If you are selling products, product feeds that you can submit to price comparison websites such as &lt;a href="http://products.google.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Google Products&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="http://shopping.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Shopping.com&lt;/a&gt; can send some good leads your way. You probably won’t see masses of traffic, but those who do click through are very likely to buy your products.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;10. PPC Advertising&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Finally, PPC (Pay Per Click) advertising when used well can give some good results for little investment. Services such as &lt;a href="http://adwords.google.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Google Adwords&lt;/a&gt; provide you with tools that allow you to narrow down your target market with keywords, set daily budgets and control how much you’re spending. A good tip is to use very specific keywords, as they will be cheaper and more targeted. For example someone looking for black stripy socks will type “black stripy socks” into google. If you’re targeting “socks” as a keyword it is going to be more competitive and cost you more money, and if you don’t sell black stripy socks you’ve wasted that money. If however you do sell pink spotty socks, you can target those keywords, pay less for the clicks and have visitors who are looking for you product exactly.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Hopefully this post has given you a few ideas about how to promote your site!&lt;/p&gt;                      &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6010651104295445490-6386320601310733649?l=lobely.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/feeds/6386320601310733649/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6010651104295445490&amp;postID=6386320601310733649' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/6386320601310733649'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/6386320601310733649'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/2009/06/easy-and-simple-10-tips-to-drive.html' title='Easy and Simple 10 Tips to Drive Traffic to Your Site'/><author><name>prashanth Kumar Rachamalla</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='25' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/Sj9gYKvQYTI/AAAAAAAADg8/O1VIKRxTEJM/S220/cooltext400945784.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6010651104295445490.post-5158586363020672332</id><published>2009-06-22T04:42:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-06-22T04:45:54.229-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='web'/><title type='text'>simple 6 Step Guide to a Successful Website</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="text"&gt;            &lt;p&gt;What follows is six steps for creating and running a successful website. There are billions of websites out there, created for different purposes. The following guide is a method for making yours stand out from the crowd. Each website is different however, so these are not hard and fast rules. What you should hopefully be able to do with the list however is relate each step to your website is some way.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1. Plan&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;With all projects it is a good idea to plan what you’re going to do. Outline the website’s goals - what do you want to achieve with your site. It might be sales, traffic, member registrations or many other things. Then think about how you’re going to achieve these goals, what pages and features your website needs. Sometimes I like to rank this list against how important each one for meeting the goals. You don’t need to spend too long planning, but having a list of features ranked by importance, and an outline of all the pages on your site, can be very handy when it comes to thinking about how to lay out your pages and navigation.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2. Good, User Friendly Design&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Having a good looking site is an important factor to me. Something that looks good and is sensible for the target audience, and is considered with user friendliness in mind. I’m not necessarily talking about having lots of fancy graphics - that might not be appropriate. A good start is to look at similar websites to yours (or websites in your niche) and see if there are any similar attributes in the design (colours, layout, images and type of images etc). If there are some similarities there may be a reason for it. A visitor to a website can quickly determine whether a site looks good to them or not, and a website can fall down if it gives the wrong impression.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3. Clean, SEO Friendly Code&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When coding your pages, keeping the code clean will help both in loading times and maintenance down the line. Doing some basic SEO will also save headaches later on. Things such as considering what your header tags are on each page, adding titles to links, adding alt tags to images and including keywords in URLs and file names. SEO is a whole beast of its own so I won’t go into lots of detail here.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;4. Quality, Relevant Content&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Depending on what your site’s purpose is this step will change accordingly, or might not even be relevant. The content of your website is just as important (or even more important in some cases) than the look and feel. People are coming to your website for a reason, and you want to offer them what they’re looking for. Whether it be articles, news, reviews, products or anything else - if it’s not what they’re looking for they will leave. You want to offer the best possible content you can.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;5. Regularly Update&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tied in with the last step, you want to keep updating your site regularly. If its articles, publish them regularly. Release new products regularly. Review things regularly. Whatever your site is about, if you can, update it regularly. People like to see that the information they are reading is recent, and that websites they visit are still active. This will make people come back to your site, and more likely to tell others about it. The best way to keep your site updated is to use a content management system.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;6. Review&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;At the end of the process you should have a great looking website that’s churning out quality content regularly. It’s a good idea to review how things are going after a while - is your site achieving the goals you set in step 1? Do you have any new goals now the site is running? From this you can return to step one and plan for the next stage - either adding new features or refining what you already have.&lt;/p&gt;                      &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6010651104295445490-5158586363020672332?l=lobely.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/feeds/5158586363020672332/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6010651104295445490&amp;postID=5158586363020672332' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/5158586363020672332'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/5158586363020672332'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/2009/06/simple-6-step-guide-to-successful.html' title='simple 6 Step Guide to a Successful Website'/><author><name>prashanth Kumar Rachamalla</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='25' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/Sj9gYKvQYTI/AAAAAAAADg8/O1VIKRxTEJM/S220/cooltext400945784.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6010651104295445490.post-3879875852520339119</id><published>2009-06-22T04:31:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-06-22T04:42:01.919-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Bjarne Stroustrup's interview</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;On the 1st of January, 1998, Bjarne Stroustrup gave&lt;br /&gt;  an interview to the IEEE's 'Computer' magazine.&lt;br /&gt;  Naturally, the editors thought he would be giving&lt;br /&gt;  a retrospective view of seven years of object-oriented&lt;br /&gt;  design, using the language he created. By the end of the&lt;br /&gt;  interview, the interviewer got more than he had&lt;br /&gt;  bargained for and, subsequently, the editor decided to&lt;br /&gt;  suppress its contents, 'for the good of the industry' but,&lt;br /&gt;  as with many of these things, there was a leak. Here is a&lt;br /&gt;  complete transcript of what was said, unedited, and&lt;br /&gt;  unrehearsed, so it isn't as neat as planned interviews.&lt;br /&gt;  You will find it interesting...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Interviewer:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Well, it's been a few years since you changed theworld of&lt;br /&gt;  software design.  How does it feel, looking back?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Stroustrup:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Actually, I was thinking about those days, just before you&lt;br /&gt;  arrived.  Do you remember?  Everyone was writing 'C' and,&lt;br /&gt;  the trouble was, they were pretty damn good at it.&lt;br /&gt;  Universities got pretty good at teaching it, too.  They were&lt;br /&gt;  turning out competent - I stress the word 'competent' -&lt;br /&gt;  graduates at a phenomenal rate.  That's what caused the&lt;br /&gt;  problem.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Interviewer:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Problem?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Stroustrup:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Yes, problem.  Remember when everyone wrote COBOL?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Interviewer:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Of course, I did, too.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Stroustrup:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Well, in the beginning, these guys were like&lt;br /&gt;  demi-gods.  Their salaries were high, and they&lt;br /&gt;  were treated like royalty.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Interviewer:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Those were the days, eh?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Stroustrup:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Right.  So what happened?  IBM got sick of it,&lt;br /&gt;  and invested millions in training programmers, till&lt;br /&gt;  they were a dime a dozen.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Interviewer:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  That's why I got out.  Salaries dropped within a&lt;br /&gt;  year, to the point where being a journalist actually&lt;br /&gt;  paid better.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Stroustrup:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Exactly.  Well, the same happened with 'C' programmers.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Interviewer:&lt;/b&gt;   I see, but what's the point?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Stroustrup:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Well, one day, when I was sitting in my office, I&lt;br /&gt;  thought of this little scheme, which would redress&lt;br /&gt;  the balance a little.  I thought 'I wonder what&lt;br /&gt;  would happen, if there were a language so complicated,&lt;br /&gt;  so difficult to learn, that nobody would ever be able&lt;br /&gt;  to swamp the market with programmers?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Actually, I got some of the ideas from X10, you know,&lt;br /&gt;  X windows.  That was such a bitch of a graphics system,&lt;br /&gt;  that it only just ran on those Sun 3/60 things.  They&lt;br /&gt;  had all the ingredients for what I wanted.  A really&lt;br /&gt;  ridiculously complex syntax, obscure functions, and&lt;br /&gt;  pseudo-OO structure.  Even now, nobody writes raw X-windows&lt;br /&gt;  code.  Motif is the only way to go if you want to retain&lt;br /&gt;  your sanity.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Interviewer:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  You're kidding...?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Stroustrup:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Not a bit of it.  In fact, there was another problem.&lt;br /&gt;  Unix was written in 'C', which meant that any 'C'&lt;br /&gt;  programmer could very easily become a systems programmer.&lt;br /&gt;  Remember what a mainframe systems programmer used to earn?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Interviewer:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  You bet I do, that's what I used to do.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Stroustrup:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  OK, so this new language had to divorce itself from Unix,&lt;br /&gt;  by hiding all the system calls that bound the two together&lt;br /&gt;  so nicely.  This would enable guys who only knew about DOS&lt;br /&gt;  to earn a decent living too.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Interviewer:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  I don't believe you said that...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Stroustrup:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Well, it's been long enough, now, and I believe most people&lt;br /&gt;  have figured out for themselves that C++ is a waste of time but,&lt;br /&gt;  I must say, it's taken them a lot longer than I thought it would.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Interviewer:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  So how exactly did you do it?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Stroustrup:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  It was only supposed to be a joke, I never thought people would&lt;br /&gt;  take the book seriously. Anyone with half a brain can see that&lt;br /&gt;  object-oriented programming is counter-intuitive, illogical and&lt;br /&gt;  inefficient.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Interviewer:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  What?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Stroustrup:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  And as for 're-useable code' --- when did you ever hear of a&lt;br /&gt;  company re-using its code?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Interviewer:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Well, never, actually, but...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Stroustrup:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  There you are then.  Mind you, a few tried, in the early days.&lt;br /&gt;  There was this Oregon company --- Mentor Graphics, I think they&lt;br /&gt;  were called --- really caught a cold trying to rewrite everything&lt;br /&gt;  in C++ in about '90 or '91.  I felt sorry for them really, but&lt;br /&gt;  I thought people would learn from their mistakes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Interviewer:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Obviously, they didn't?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Stroustrup:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Not in the slightest.  Trouble is, most companies hush-up all&lt;br /&gt;  their major blunders, and explaining a $30 million loss to the&lt;br /&gt;  shareholders would have been difficult.  Give them their due,&lt;br /&gt;  though, they made it work in the end.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Interviewer:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  They did?  Well, there you are then, it proves O-O works.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Stroustrup:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Well, almost.  The executable was so huge, it took five minutes&lt;br /&gt;  to load, on an HP workstation, with 128MB of RAM.  Then it ran&lt;br /&gt;  like molasses. Actually, I thought this would be a major&lt;br /&gt;  stumbling-block, and I'd get found out within a week, but nobody&lt;br /&gt;  cared.  Sun and HP were only too glad to sell enormously powerful&lt;br /&gt;  boxes, with huge resources just to run trivial programs.  You&lt;br /&gt;  know, when we had our first C++ compiler, at AT&amp;amp;T, I compiled&lt;br /&gt; 'Hello World', and couldn't believe the size of the executable:&lt;br /&gt;  2.1MB&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Interviewer:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  What?  Well, compilers have come a long way, since then.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Stroustrup:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  They have?  Try it on the latest version of g++ - you won't get&lt;br /&gt;  much change out of half a megabyte. Also, there are several quite&lt;br /&gt;  recent examples for you, from all over the world.  British Tele-&lt;br /&gt;  com had a major disaster on their hands but, luckily, managed to&lt;br /&gt;  scrap the  whole thing and start again. They were luckier than&lt;br /&gt;  Australian Telecom.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Now I hear that Siemens is building a dinosaur, and getting more&lt;br /&gt;  and more worried as the size of the hardware gets bigger, to&lt;br /&gt;  accommodate the executables.  Isn't multiple inheritance a joy?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Interviewer:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Yes, but C++ is basically a sound language.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Stroustrup:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  You really believe that, don't you?  Have you ever sat down and&lt;br /&gt;  worked on a C++ project?  Here's what happens: First, I've put&lt;br /&gt;  in enough pitfalls to make sure that only the most trivial proj-&lt;br /&gt;  ects will work first time.  Take operator overloading.  At the&lt;br /&gt;  end of the project, almost every module has it, usually, because&lt;br /&gt;  guys feel they really should do it, as it was in their training&lt;br /&gt;  course.  The same operator then means something totally different&lt;br /&gt;  in every module.  Try pulling that lot together, when you have a&lt;br /&gt;  hundred or so modules.  And as for data hiding, God, I sometimes&lt;br /&gt;  can't help laughing when I hear about the problems companies&lt;br /&gt;  have making their modules talk to each other.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  I think the word 'synergistic' was specially invented to twist&lt;br /&gt;  the knife in a project manager's ribs.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Interviewer:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  I have to say, I'm beginning to be quite appalled at all this.&lt;br /&gt;  You say you did it to raise programmers' salaries?  That's ob-&lt;br /&gt;  scene.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Stroustrup:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Not really.  Everyone has a choice.  I didn't expect the thing to&lt;br /&gt;  get so much out of hand. Anyway, I basically succeeded.  C++ is&lt;br /&gt;  dying off now, but programmers still get high salaries, especial-&lt;br /&gt;  ly those poor devils who have to maintain all this crap.  You do&lt;br /&gt;  realise, it's impossible to maintain a large C++ software module&lt;br /&gt;  if you didn't actually write it?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Interviewer:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  How come?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Stroustrup:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  You are out of touch, aren't you?  Remember the typedef?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Interviewer:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Yes, of course.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Stroustrup:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Remember how long it took to grope through the header files only&lt;br /&gt;  to find that 'RoofRaised' was a double precision number?  Well,&lt;br /&gt;  imagine how long it takes to find all the implicit typedefs in&lt;br /&gt;  all the Classes in a major project.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Interviewer:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  So how do you reckon you've succeeded?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Stroustrup:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  The universities haven't been teaching 'C' for such a long time,&lt;br /&gt;  there's now a shortage of decent 'C' programmers.  Especially&lt;br /&gt;  those who know anything about Unix systems programming. How many&lt;br /&gt;  guys would know what to do with 'malloc', when they've used 'new'&lt;br /&gt;  all these years and never bothered to check the return code. In&lt;br /&gt;  fact, most C++ programmers throw away their return codes.  What-&lt;br /&gt;  ever happened to good ol' '-1'?  At least you knew you had an&lt;br /&gt;  error, without bogging the thing down in all that 'throw' 'catch'&lt;br /&gt;  'try' stuff.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Interviewer:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  But, surely, inheritance does save a lot of time?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Stroustrup:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Does it?  Have you ever noticed the difference  between a 'C'&lt;br /&gt;  project plan, and a C++ project plan?  The planning stage for&lt;br /&gt;  a C++ project is three times as long.  Precisely to make sure&lt;br /&gt;  that everything which should be inherited is, and what shouldn't&lt;br /&gt;  isn't.  Then, they still get it wrong. Whoever heard of memory&lt;br /&gt;  leaks in a 'C' program? Now finding them is a major industry.&lt;br /&gt;  Most companies give up, and send the product out, knowing it&lt;br /&gt;  leaks like a sieve, simply to avoid the expense of tracking them&lt;br /&gt;  all down.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Interviewer:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  There are tools....&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Stroustrup:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  ...Most of which were written in C++.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Interviewer:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  If we publish this, you'll probably get lynched, you do realise&lt;br /&gt;  that?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Stroustrup:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  I doubt it.  As I said, C++ is way past its peak now, and no&lt;br /&gt;  company in its right mind would start a C++ project without a&lt;br /&gt;  pilot trial. That should convince them that it's the road to&lt;br /&gt;  disaster.  If not, they deserve all they get.  You know, I tried&lt;br /&gt;  to convince Dennis Ritchie to rewrite Unix in C++.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Interviewer:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Oh my God.  What did he say?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Stroustrup:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Well, luckily, he has a good sense of humor.  I think both he&lt;br /&gt;  and Brian figured out what I was doing, in the early days, but&lt;br /&gt;  never let on.  He said he'd help me write a C++ version of DOS,&lt;br /&gt;  if I was interested.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Interviewer:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Were you?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Stroustrup:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Actually, I did write DOS in C++, I'll give you a demo when&lt;br /&gt;  we're through.  I have it running on a Sparc 20 in the computer&lt;br /&gt;  room.  Goes like a rocket on 4 CPU's, and only takes up 70 megs&lt;br /&gt;  of disk.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Interviewer:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  What's it like on a PC?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Stroustrup:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Now you're kidding.  Haven't you ever seen Windows '95?  I think&lt;br /&gt;  of that as my biggest success.  Nearly blew the game before I was&lt;br /&gt;  ready, though.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Interviewer:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  You know, that idea of a Unix++ has really got me thinking.&lt;br /&gt;  Somewhere out there, there's a guy going to try it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Stroustrup:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Not after they read this interview.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Interviewer:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  I'm sorry, but I don't see us being able to publish any of this.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Stroustrup:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  But it's the story of the century.  I only want to be remembered&lt;br /&gt;  by my fellow programmers, for what I've done for them.  You know&lt;br /&gt;  how much a C++ guy can get these days?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Interviewer:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Last I heard, a really top guy is worth $80 - $90 an hour.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Stroustrup:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  See?  And I bet he earns it.  Keeping track of all the gotchas I&lt;br /&gt;  put into C++ is no easy job. And, as I said before, every C++&lt;br /&gt;  programmer feels bound by some mystic promise to use every damn&lt;br /&gt;  element of the language on every project. Actually, that really&lt;br /&gt;  annoys me sometimes, even though it serves my original purpose.&lt;br /&gt;  I almost like the language after all this time.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Interviewer:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  You mean you didn't before?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Stroustrup:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Hated it.  It even looks clumsy, don't you agree?  But when the&lt;br /&gt;  book royalties started to come in... well, you get the picture.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Interviewer:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Just a minute.  What about references?  You must admit, you&lt;br /&gt;  improved on 'C' pointers.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Stroustrup:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Hmm.  I've always wondered about that.  Originally, I thought I&lt;br /&gt;  had.  Then, one day I was discussing this with a guy who'd written&lt;br /&gt;  C++ from the beginning.  He said he could never remember whether&lt;br /&gt;  his variables were referenced or dereferenced, so he always used&lt;br /&gt;  pointers.  He said the little asterisk always reminded him.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Interviewer:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Well, at this point, I usually say 'thank you very much' but it&lt;br /&gt;  hardly seems adequate.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Stroustrup:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Promise me you'll publish this.  My conscience is getting the&lt;br /&gt;  better of me these days.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Interviewer:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  I'll let you know, but I think I know what my editor will say.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Stroustrup:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Who'd believe it anyway?  Although, can you send me a copy of that&lt;br /&gt;  tape?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Interviewer:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  I can do that.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6010651104295445490-3879875852520339119?l=lobely.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/feeds/3879875852520339119/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6010651104295445490&amp;postID=3879875852520339119' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/3879875852520339119'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/3879875852520339119'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/2009/06/bjarne-stroustrups-interview.html' title='Bjarne Stroustrup&apos;s interview'/><author><name>prashanth Kumar Rachamalla</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='25' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/Sj9gYKvQYTI/AAAAAAAADg8/O1VIKRxTEJM/S220/cooltext400945784.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6010651104295445490.post-3514395191172787993</id><published>2009-06-22T04:05:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-06-22T04:06:45.445-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Keyboard Shortcuts for Gmail</title><content type='html'>Gmail's User Interface is quite usable, but sometimes a mouse just seems to get in the way of efficiency. The Gmail developers have included lots of nice keyboard shortcuts that can really make using Gmail quicker and easier. Read on for a detailed list of Gmail's keyboard shortcuts....&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:-1;"&gt;Gmail offers &lt;em&gt;many&lt;/em&gt; keyboard shortcuts. To enable keyboard shortcuts, click on the Settings link at the top right of the screen, and click on the "General" tab. Look for the "Keyboard Shortcuts" entry and click on the "Keyboard shortcuts on" radio button. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:-1;"&gt;Below is a table showing the current list as of 25-Jan-2006. Try 'em out! &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:-1;"&gt;(For the most recent version, click &lt;a href="http://mail.google.com/support/bin/answer.py?answer=6594&amp;amp;query=keyboard&amp;amp;topic=0&amp;amp;type=f"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.) &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="90%"&gt;    &lt;tbody&gt;     &lt;tr bg style="color:#c3d9ff;"&gt;        &lt;th align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Shortcut Key&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;        &lt;th align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Definition&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;        &lt;th align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Action&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;      &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;        &lt;th align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;        &lt;td align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Compose&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;td valign="top"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Allows you to compose   a new message. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;shift&gt; + c &lt;/strong&gt;allows you to compose   a message in a new window.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;      &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;        &lt;th align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;        &lt;td align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Search&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;        &lt;td valign="top"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Puts your cursor in the search box.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;      &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;        &lt;th align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;k&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;        &lt;td align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Move to newer conversation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;td valign="top"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Opens or moves your cursor   to a more recent conversation. You can hit &lt;strong&gt;&lt;enter&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; to expand   a conversation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;      &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;        &lt;th align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;j&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;        &lt;td align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Move to older conversation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;td valign="top"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Opens or moves your cursor   to the next oldest conversation. You can hit &lt;strong&gt;&lt;enter&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; to expand   a conversation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;      &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;        &lt;th align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;        &lt;td align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Next message&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;td valign="top"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Moves your cursor to the   next message. You can hit &lt;strong&gt;&lt;enter&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; to expand or collapse a message.   &lt;span style="font-size:-2;"&gt;(Only applicable in 'Conversation View.')&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;      &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;        &lt;th align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;p&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;        &lt;td align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Previous message&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;td valign="top"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Moves your cursor to the   previous message. You can hit &lt;strong&gt;&lt;enter&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; to expand or collapse   a message. &lt;span style="font-size:-2;"&gt;(Only applicable in 'Conversation View.')&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;      &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;        &lt;th align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;o &lt;span style="font-size:-2;"&gt;or&lt;/span&gt; &lt;enter&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;        &lt;td align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Open&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;        &lt;td valign="top"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Opens your conversation. Also expands or collapses a message if you are in 'Conversation View.'&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;      &lt;/tr&gt;     &lt;tr&gt;        &lt;th align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;u&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;        &lt;td align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Return to conversation list&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;td valign="top"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Refreshes your page and returns you to the inbox, or list of conversations.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;      &lt;/tr&gt;     &lt;tr&gt;        &lt;th align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;y&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;    &lt;td align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Archive*&lt;br /&gt;   &lt;span style="font-size:-2;"&gt;Remove from current view&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;td valign="top"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Automatically removes the message or conversation from your current view.   &lt;/span&gt;       &lt;ul&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-2;"&gt;&lt;li&gt; From 'Inbox,' 'y' means &lt;strong&gt;Archive&lt;/strong&gt;         &lt;/li&gt;         &lt;li&gt; From 'Starred,' 'y' means &lt;strong&gt;Unstar&lt;/strong&gt;         &lt;/li&gt;         &lt;li&gt; From any label, 'y' means &lt;strong&gt;Remove the label&lt;/strong&gt;   &lt;/li&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;        &lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-2;"&gt;* 'y' has no effect if you're in 'Spam,' 'Sent,' or 'All Mail.'       &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;      &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;        &lt;th align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;x&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;    &lt;td align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Select conversation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;td valign="top"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Automatically checks and selects a conversation so that you can archive, apply a label, or choose an action from the drop-down menu to apply to that conversation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;      &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;        &lt;th align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;        &lt;td align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Star a message or conversation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;td valign="top"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Adds or removes a star   to a message or conversation. Stars allow you to give a message or conversation   a special status.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;      &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;        &lt;th align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;        &lt;td align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Report spam&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;        &lt;td valign="top"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Marks a message as spam and removes it from your conversation list.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;      &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;        &lt;th align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;        &lt;td align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Reply&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;td valign="top"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Reply to the message sender.   &lt;strong&gt;&lt;shift&gt; + r &lt;/strong&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:Arial,;font-size:-1;"&gt;   allows you to reply to a message in a new window.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:-2;"&gt;(Only applicable in 'Conversation View.')&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;      &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;        &lt;th align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;        &lt;td align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Reply all&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;td valign="top"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Reply to all message recipients.   &lt;span style="font-family:Arial,;font-size:-1;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;shift&gt; +a&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;   &lt;span style="font-family:Arial,;font-size:-1;"&gt;allows you to reply   to all message recipients in a new window.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:-2;"&gt;(Only applicable in 'Conversation View.')&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;      &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;        &lt;th align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;        &lt;td align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Forward&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;td valign="top"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Forward a message. &lt;span style="font-family:Arial,;font-size:-1;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;shift&gt;   + f&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:Arial,;font-size:-1;"&gt;allows you to forward a message in a new window.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:-2;"&gt;(Only applicable in 'Conversation View.')&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;      &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;        &lt;th align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;&lt;esc&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;        &lt;td align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Escape from input field&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;        &lt;td valign="top"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Removes the cursor from your current input field.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;      &lt;/tr&gt;     &lt;/tbody&gt; &lt;/table&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:-1;"&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:Arial,;font-size:-1;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Combo-keys&lt;/strong&gt; - Use the   following combinations of keys to navigate through Gmail.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="90%"&gt;    &lt;tbody&gt;     &lt;tr bg style="color:#c3d9ff;"&gt;        &lt;th align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Shortcut Key&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;        &lt;th align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Definition&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;        &lt;th align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Action&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;      &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;        &lt;th align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;&lt;tab&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:-2;"&gt;then&lt;/span&gt; &lt;enter&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;        &lt;td align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Send message&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;td valign="top"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;After composing your message, use this combination to send it automatically. (Supported in Internet Explorer and Firefox, on Windows.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;      &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;        &lt;th align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;y &lt;span style="font-size:-2;"&gt;then&lt;/span&gt; o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;        &lt;td align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Archive and next&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;        &lt;td valign="top"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Archive your conversation and move to the next one.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;      &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;        &lt;th align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;g &lt;span style="font-size:-2;"&gt;then&lt;/span&gt; a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;        &lt;td align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Go to 'All Mail'&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;        &lt;td valign="top"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Takes you to 'All Mail,' the storage site for all mail you've ever sent or received (and have not deleted).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;      &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;        &lt;th align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;g &lt;span style="font-size:-2;"&gt;then&lt;/span&gt; s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;        &lt;td align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Go to 'Starred'&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;        &lt;td valign="top"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Takes you to all conversations you have starred.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;     &lt;tr&gt;        &lt;th align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;g &lt;span style="font-size:-2;"&gt;then&lt;/span&gt; c&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;        &lt;td align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Go to 'Contacts'&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;        &lt;td valign="top"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Takes you to your Contacts list.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;      &lt;/tr&gt;      &lt;tr&gt;        &lt;th align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;g &lt;span style="font-size:-2;"&gt;then&lt;/span&gt; d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;        &lt;td align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Go to 'Drafts'&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;        &lt;td valign="top"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Takes you to all drafts you have saved.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;      &lt;/tr&gt;      &lt;tr&gt;        &lt;th align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;g &lt;span style="font-size:-2;"&gt;then&lt;/span&gt; i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;        &lt;td align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Go to 'Inbox'&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;        &lt;td valign="top"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Returns you to the inbox.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6010651104295445490-3514395191172787993?l=lobely.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/feeds/3514395191172787993/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6010651104295445490&amp;postID=3514395191172787993' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/3514395191172787993'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/3514395191172787993'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/2009/06/keyboard-shortcuts-for-gmail.html' title='Keyboard Shortcuts for Gmail'/><author><name>prashanth Kumar Rachamalla</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='25' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/Sj9gYKvQYTI/AAAAAAAADg8/O1VIKRxTEJM/S220/cooltext400945784.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6010651104295445490.post-2726260160194023213</id><published>2009-06-22T04:03:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-06-22T04:05:22.354-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Using An Email Client for Gmail</title><content type='html'>Gmail's POP3 access lets you leverage third-party Email Clients like Outlook or Thunderbird, giving you the flexibility you want. Read on to see some quick tips inspired by "Edwin" and "Zavie" on configuring and accessing Gmail's POP3 access...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;POP3 email clients are common, handy tools to enable you to manage your email online or offline. Here are several examples:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;1. Outlook Express&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Outlook Express is included with just about every Windows installation. Setup is simple, and though its interface is basic, it works well with Gmail.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;2. Outlook (various versions)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I used Outlook 2003, and it worked like a charm with Gmail. It's robust, a business standard, and you have all of Outlooks advanced features available to you. The only down side is that for the personal user, it can be expensive, either standalone or as part of Microsoft Office.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;3. Thunderbird&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Thunderbird is an excellent solution. It's Open Source, free, cross-platform compatible, very stable, and feature-rich. I used the "Portable Thunderbird" version because of its portability, and it worked very well. For personal users, Thunderbird has probably more features than you will ever need.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;4. Other Email Clients&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Just about any modern POP mail client whould work, provided ot allows SSL connections. There are numerous examples that can be found with a Google search.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In all cases, the key to setting up your email client to work with Gmail is to ensure that you can connect using a Secure SSL Connection. These settings are typically found in the client's Accounts settings screens where you must define specific ports to access Gmail's POP3 server. Gmail has an excellent Help section that details the setup for most popular POP3 email clients. This is found by clicking the "Configuration instructions" link found in the "Forward and POP" screen of Gmail's settings.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;OK. To setup Gmail to allow POP3 access, click on the "Settings" link in the upper right of any Gmail page. Next, click on the "Forwarding and POP" tab. Depending on how much email you want to manage via POP, choose the appropriate selection:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;1. "Enable POP for all mail"&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This will let you download all messages you have in your email account as well as any new email that arrives.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;2. "Enable POP only for mail that arrives from now on"&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This option lets you download only new email that arrives since the time you activate the POP setting.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The second setting, "When messages are accessed with POP" lets you determine how Gmail will handle the messages you download. How you use your email client and Gmail wuill determine the setting you want:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;1. "keep Gmail's copy in the Inbox"&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This option will leave all new email in Gmail's Inbox with "read settings" intact. This means that regardless of when you use your email client to receive messages, Gmail's Web client settings will always remain independent. Email messages are retained in your Gmail account. If you rely mostly on the Web client and use a POP3 clinet only occasionally, then this is the setting of choice. Think of this as a "parallel" setup with messages managed on both sides.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;2. "archive Gmail's copy"&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This option will automatically "Archive" the message (remove it from the Inbox and retain it in Gmail's All Mail view) when you download it using your email client. This is useful when you use your email client more then Gmail's Web client. The advantage of this setting is that it leaves the message on Gmail's server as a backup. You still have full Web access should you ever want to use Gmail's Web client.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;3. "trash Gmail's copy"&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This option deletes the email from Gmail's server once the message is successfully downloaded to your email client. This is useful if you use an email client exclusively, and don't want any email retained on Gmail's server.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Once you have selected your appropriate settings, click the "Save Changes" button. When you fire up your configured email client and receive messages, they will be downloaded seamlessly!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One point of note: When I initiated a Send/Receive session in both Outlook 2003 and Thunderbird (I didn't try Outlook Express) it only downloaded about 300-400 messages. Initiating another Send/Receive session downloaded another block of 300-400 messages. With over 3500 messages, I had to initiate about a dozen or so Send/Receive sessions, but when they all completed, everything downloaded. Over a broadband connection, it was quite fast.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6010651104295445490-2726260160194023213?l=lobely.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/feeds/2726260160194023213/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6010651104295445490&amp;postID=2726260160194023213' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/2726260160194023213'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/2726260160194023213'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/2009/06/using-email-client-for-gmail.html' title='Using An Email Client for Gmail'/><author><name>prashanth Kumar Rachamalla</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='25' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/Sj9gYKvQYTI/AAAAAAAADg8/O1VIKRxTEJM/S220/cooltext400945784.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6010651104295445490.post-1103907745368661292</id><published>2009-06-22T04:02:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-06-22T04:03:24.003-07:00</updated><title type='text'>'Gmail Notifier' released to beta!</title><content type='html'>Those crazy yet wonderful Gmail Developers have once again brought us a new toy: Gmail Notifier! Read on to see what it is, what it can do, and how you can get it...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Gmail Notifier is a downloadable Windows application that alerts you when you have new Gmail messages. It displays an icon in your system tray to let you know if you have unread Gmail messages, and shows you their subjects, senders and snippets, all without your having to open a web browser.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You can also have it be the default "mailto:" handler so that when you click on an email address on a Web page, Gmail Notify will open a Compose Window.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You can even define a sound to play when new mail arrives!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To download, go here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://toolbar.google.com/gmail-helper/"&gt;http://toolbar.google.com/gmail-helper/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For FAQ's, go here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://toolbar.google.com/gmail-helper/faq.html"&gt;http://toolbar.google.com/gmail-helper/faq.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Have fun!!!&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6010651104295445490-1103907745368661292?l=lobely.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/feeds/1103907745368661292/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6010651104295445490&amp;postID=1103907745368661292' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/1103907745368661292'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/1103907745368661292'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/2009/06/gmail-notifier-released-to-beta.html' title='&apos;Gmail Notifier&apos; released to beta!'/><author><name>prashanth Kumar Rachamalla</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='25' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/Sj9gYKvQYTI/AAAAAAAADg8/O1VIKRxTEJM/S220/cooltext400945784.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6010651104295445490.post-5822579971354256711</id><published>2009-06-22T03:59:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-06-22T04:00:46.557-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Gmail, Cleaning Your Contacts</title><content type='html'>One of Gmail's "features" can leave you with extra entries in your Contacts list. Read on for more information...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Gmail has a (debatably) nice feature that automatically adds to your Contacts list the email addresses of those to whom you send emails. While this can be helpful at times, just remember that EVERY unique email address you send to gets auto-added. So, if someone or some company sends you an emai and you reply to it, the email address will get added. For clarification, it only gets added once. We're talking about "unique" email addresses here. But how do you know what gets added?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Log into your Gmail account and click on the "Contacts" link at the top of any Gmail page. A window will open displaying any Contacts you may have. Any you have manually edited will typically have a "Name" and possibly a "Note" associated with it. By default, any Contact Gmail auto-adds and is unedited will not contain any "name" or "note" information, just the email address. Visually scan down the list and look for any that fall into this category. If you find one, determine what to do with it: Delete is, Edit it, or leave it alone. Obviously what you do with it is up to you, but I make it a personal rule to always edit any email addresses I want to keep and add names (and sometimes notes). Any I don't want, I just delete. This keeps things clean.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Until I realized that Gmail did this, I was surprised as to how many Contacts were added.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;So, every once in a while, I take time to be sure to monitor my Contacts list and clean out any unneeded entries.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6010651104295445490-5822579971354256711?l=lobely.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/feeds/5822579971354256711/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6010651104295445490&amp;postID=5822579971354256711' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/5822579971354256711'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/5822579971354256711'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/2009/06/gmail-cleaning-your-contacts.html' title='Gmail, Cleaning Your Contacts'/><author><name>prashanth Kumar Rachamalla</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='25' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/Sj9gYKvQYTI/AAAAAAAADg8/O1VIKRxTEJM/S220/cooltext400945784.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6010651104295445490.post-1331952541501805192</id><published>2009-06-22T03:58:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-06-22T03:59:54.582-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Gmail, why some attachments bounce or fail</title><content type='html'>Gmail is trying to help combat the spread of viruses by implementing a "feature" that prevents emails containing attachments of certain file types from being delivered to Gmail accounts. With some simple workarounds, you can get your files delivered to Gmail users while still helping prevent the spread of viruses...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One way that Gmail is helping to prevent the spread of viruses is to prevent the delivery of messages sent from outside of Gmail that .exe and .vbs (and possibly other) extensions. These file attachments are very easy to inadvertently execute, and are a common source of viruses. Gmail is trying to make it at lease a bit more difficult to inadvertently execute these types of files.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If you are sending an email to a Gmail account that contains either extension of .exe or a .vbs (and possibly others) the message WILL bounce as undeliverable. The message will also bounce if these file types are contained within a .ZIP file. If you are sending an email from an outside account to a Gmail user, simply changing the extention to something else appending something like ".txt" lets the message pass through without issue. You could also use another archive format like WinAce or WinRAR as they are not filtered (yet). The point is that the file won't be immediatly and inadvertently executable without some recipient intervention.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Again, note that this only affects inbound email originating from another email provider sent to a Gmail account. This does not affect Gmail users sending email to another Gmail user or to an email address outside of Gmail. Obviously, this isn't a perfect solution, but it's a good start.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6010651104295445490-1331952541501805192?l=lobely.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/feeds/1331952541501805192/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6010651104295445490&amp;postID=1331952541501805192' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/1331952541501805192'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/1331952541501805192'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/2009/06/gmail-why-some-attachments-bounce-or.html' title='Gmail, why some attachments bounce or fail'/><author><name>prashanth Kumar Rachamalla</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='25' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/Sj9gYKvQYTI/AAAAAAAADg8/O1VIKRxTEJM/S220/cooltext400945784.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6010651104295445490.post-4097747857573055053</id><published>2009-06-22T03:57:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-06-22T03:58:38.345-07:00</updated><title type='text'>gmail, Advanced Search - 'Query Words'</title><content type='html'>One of Gmail's excellent features is its Search function. Searching can be as simple as entering a keyword or two into the Search field at the top of any page to very complex using Gmail's advanced "Query Words" to better constrain searches. Read more to better understand how "Query Words" can help you with your advanced message searching...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Clicking the "Show Search Options" link will open up a pane containing several entry fields and dropdowns. This lets you easily specify more detailed search criteria. For example, say you want to search for all email that is unread, regardless of under what Label it is filed. Simply click the "Search:" dropdown, select "Unread Mail" and click the "Search Mail" button. Gmail will display a list of all unread mesasges. Likewise, you can select specific Labels and you can enter specific terms. It's very powerful and useful.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But as more savvy users, we often crave, as Tim The Toolman Taylor says, "More power!" Gmail also provides users the ability to prefix their search keywords with "query words" that instruct Gmail how to search. And there is no need to open the Search Options--these can be entered in the simple search window at the top of any page.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example, say you want to search for all messages Labeled with the "Family" Label. You could open the "Show Search Options" pane, select the "Family" Label from the dropdown, and click "Search Mail". Or, you could just enter into the search box at the top of any page "label:family" and hit Enter! Both do the same thing, just in different ways.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But this type of searching goes way beyond this by letting you search using more complex criteria. For example, building on our example above, say you want to search for messages containing attachments from your family sent before May 21, 2004? You would simply enter the following advanced search criteria:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;label:family has:attachment before:2004/5/21&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Yes, this could actually be done in the Search Options pane, but in addition to the available search criteria fields, query words not only let you search using criteria not included in the Search Options pane, (like "cc:" and "bcc:") but you can do "compound" searches otherwise not available in the Search Options pane. For example:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;label:doctors label:statements has:attachment before:2004/5/21 in:anywhere&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;would return all messages with both Labels of "Doctors" and "Statements" containing attachments, sent before May 21, 2004, existing anywhere in my account including the Trash and Spam views.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It's pretty powerful, and fairly intuitive once you get the hang of it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For more information, you should check the direct link to Gmail's "How do I use advanced search?" help page found [&lt;a href="https://gmail.google.com/support/bin/answer.py?answer=7190&amp;amp;topic=41"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;] (You may need to be logged into your Gmail account to access this page.)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Here is table of "query words" from that page:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"&gt; &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr bg style="color:#c3d9ff;"&gt;   &lt;th align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Operator&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;   &lt;th align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Definition&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;   &lt;th align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Example(s)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;   &lt;th align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;from:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;   &lt;td align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Used to specify the   sender&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td valign="top"&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Example - &lt;strong&gt; from:amy&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Meaning - Messages from Amy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;   &lt;th align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;to:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt; &lt;td align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Used to specify a recipient&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign="top"&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Example - &lt;strong&gt;to:david&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Meaning - All messages that were sent to David (by you or someone else)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;   &lt;th align="center" valign="middle"&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:-1;"&gt;   subject: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;   &lt;td align="center" valign="middle"&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:-1;"&gt;   Search for words in the subject line &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td valign="top"&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Example - &lt;strong&gt;subject:dinner&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Meaning - Messages that &lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;have&lt;/span&gt;   the word "dinner" in the subject&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;   &lt;th align="center" valign="middle"&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:-1;"&gt;   OR &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;   &lt;td align="center" valign="middle"&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:-1;"&gt;   Search for messages matching term A or term B*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:-2;"&gt;*OR must be in all   caps&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td valign="top"&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Example - &lt;strong&gt;from:amy OR from:david&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Meaning - Messages from Amy or from David&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;   &lt;th align="center" valign="middle"&gt; -&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;span style="font-size:-2;"&gt;(hyphen)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;   &lt;td align="center" valign="middle"&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:-1;"&gt;   Used to exclude messages from your search &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td valign="top"&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Example - &lt;strong&gt;dinner -movie&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Meaning - Messages that contain the word "dinner" but do not contain   the word "movie"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;   &lt;th align="center" valign="middle"&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;label:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;   &lt;td align="center" valign="middle"&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:-1;"&gt;Search   for messages by label*&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;span style="font-size:-2;"&gt;*There isn't a search operator for unlabeled messages&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td valign="top"&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Example -&lt;strong&gt; from:amy label:&lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;friends&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Meaning - Messages from Amy&lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt; that   have &lt;/span&gt;the label "&lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;friends"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;   &lt;th align="center" valign="middle"&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:-1;"&gt;   has:attachment&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;   &lt;td align="center" valign="middle"&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Search for   messages with an attachment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td valign="top"&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Example - &lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;   from:david has:attachment &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Meaning - Messages from David that &lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;have&lt;/span&gt;   an attach&lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;ment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;   &lt;th align="center" valign="middle"&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:-1;"&gt;   filename:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;   &lt;td align="center" valign="middle"&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:-1;"&gt;   Search for an attachment by name or type&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td valign="top"&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Example - &lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;   filename:physicshomework.txt&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Meaning - &lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt; Messages with an   attachment named "physicshomework.txt"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Example - &lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;   label:work filename:pdf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Meaning - &lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt; Messages labeled   "work" that also have a PDF file as an attachment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;   &lt;th align="center" valign="middle"&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:-1;"&gt;   " "&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:-2;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;(quotes)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:-1;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-2;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/th&gt;   &lt;td align="center" valign="middle"&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:-1;"&gt;   Used to search for an exact phrase*&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;span style="font-size:-2;"&gt;*Capitalization isn't taken into consideration&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td valign="top"&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Example - &lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;   "i'm feeling lucky"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Meaning - &lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt; Messages containing   the phrase "i'm feeling lucky" or "I'm feeling lucky"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Example - &lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;   subject:"dinner and a movie"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Meaning - &lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt; Messages containing   the phrase "dinner and a movie" in the subject&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;   &lt;th align="center" valign="middle"&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:-1;"&gt;   ( )&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;   &lt;td align="center" valign="middle"&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:-1;"&gt;   Used to group words&lt;br /&gt;  Used specify terms that shouldn't be excluded&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td valign="top"&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Example - &lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;   from:amy (dinner OR movie)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Meaning - &lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt; Messages from Amy   that contain either the word "dinner" or the word "movie"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Example - &lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;   subject:(dinner movie)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Meaning - &lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt; Messages in which   the subject contains both the word "dinner" and the word "movie"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;   &lt;th align="center" valign="middle"&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:-1;"&gt;   in:anywhere &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;   &lt;td align="center" valign="middle"&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:-1;"&gt;   Search for messages anywhere in your account*&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;span style="font-size:-2;"&gt;*Messages in 'Spam' and 'Trash' are excluded from&lt;br /&gt;  searches by default&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td valign="top"&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Example - &lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;in:anywhere   subject:movie &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Meaning - &lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;Messages in 'All Mail',   'Spam', and 'Trash' that contain the word "movie"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;   &lt;th align="center" valign="middle"&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:-1;"&gt;   in:inbox&lt;br /&gt;  in:trash&lt;br /&gt;  in:spam &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;   &lt;td align="center" valign="middle"&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:-1;"&gt;   Search for messages in 'Inbox', 'Trash', or 'Spam' &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td valign="top"&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Example - &lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;in:trash   from:amy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Meaning - &lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt; Messages from Amy that   are in the trash&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;   &lt;tr&gt;   &lt;th align="center" valign="middle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:-1;"&gt;is:starred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:-1;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  is:unread&lt;br /&gt;  is:read&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;   &lt;td align="center" valign="middle"&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:-1;"&gt;   Search for messages that are starred, unread or read&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td valign="top"&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Example - &lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;   is:read is:starred from:David&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Meaning - &lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;Message from David that   have been read and are marked with a star&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;   &lt;th align="center" valign="middle"&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:-1;"&gt;   cc:&lt;br /&gt;  bcc:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;   &lt;td align="center" valign="middle"&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:-1;"&gt;   Used to specify recipients in the 'cc' or 'bcc' fields &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td valign="top"&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Example - &lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;   cc:david &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Meaning - &lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;Messages that were cc-ed to David&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;   &lt;th align="center" valign="middle"&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:-1;"&gt;   after:&lt;br /&gt;  before:&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;   &lt;td align="center" valign="middle"&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt; Search for messages after or before a certain date*&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;span style="font-size:-2;"&gt;*Date must be in yyyy/mm/dd format.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td valign="top"&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:-1;"&gt;Example - &lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;   after:2004/4/17 before:2004/4/18 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Meaning - &lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt; Messages sent on April   17, 2004.*&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:-2;"&gt;*More precisely: Messages sent on or after April 17, 2004, but   before April 18, 2004.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6010651104295445490-4097747857573055053?l=lobely.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/feeds/4097747857573055053/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6010651104295445490&amp;postID=4097747857573055053' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/4097747857573055053'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/4097747857573055053'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/2009/06/gmail-advanced-search-query-words.html' title='gmail, Advanced Search - &apos;Query Words&apos;'/><author><name>prashanth Kumar Rachamalla</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='25' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/Sj9gYKvQYTI/AAAAAAAADg8/O1VIKRxTEJM/S220/cooltext400945784.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6010651104295445490.post-1821372896625089843</id><published>2009-06-22T03:55:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-06-22T03:57:40.269-07:00</updated><title type='text'>How to use gmail</title><content type='html'>&lt;h3&gt;Logging In&lt;/h3&gt;Open http://www.gmail.com/&lt;br /&gt;Logging in is typical of webmail services. The login screen is clean and simply requires you to enter your username and password. Here is what the Login screen looks like:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://g04.com/images/gmail/gmail_login.jpg"&gt;&lt;img src="http://g04.com/images/gmail/gmail_loginT.jpg" height="205" width="240" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Inbox&lt;/h3&gt; Once you successfully login, you are presented with your Inbox. Once again, it is pretty typical looking:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://g04.com/images/gmail/gmail_inbox.jpg"&gt;&lt;img src="http://g04.com/images/gmail/gmail_inboxT.jpg" height="205" width="240" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Messages are listed in a typical way, displaying the sender, subject, the first few words of the message body, and the date. Personally, I would like to see the message size included, but I can live without it. The checkbox lets you select individual messages on which to perform specific actions. The "star" lets you "flag" particular messages (more on this later.)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On the left are links that let you compose a message, and select different standard message groups (like Inbox, Sent mail, etc.) Again, it's one of the quick ways to find a specific message. Under the message groups is the "Labels" selector which I'll explain later.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Finally, there are links to all the other functions which I'll describe below.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Reading Messages&lt;/h3&gt; When you click on a message in the Inbox, the message opens for you to read or taks action. Here is what the message screen looks like:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://g04.com/images/gmail/gmail_graphicsOff.jpg"&gt;&lt;img src="http://g04.com/images/gmail/gmail_graphicsOffT.jpg" height="205" width="240" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Note a couple things: First, no external graphics are displayed. By default, Gmail disables displaying externally referenced graphics. The reason is that many spam messages contain externally referenced graphics. When they are displayed, the email sender can use this to track that you opened the message thus validating your email address for future spam. Clicking on the "Display External Images" link will display the images if you want. Here's an example of the above message with external images turned on:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://g04.com/images/gmail/gmail_graphicsOn.jpg"&gt;&lt;img src="http://g04.com/images/gmail/gmail_graphicsOnT.jpg" height="205" width="240" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You can reply to or forward a message by simply clicking on the appropriate link. This is standard functionality with one glaring problem: If the original email is HTML or Rich Text formatted, Gmail will strip out ALL formatting including links, fonts, and images. ie: you can only reply in plain text. To me, this is a HUGE problem because it means that a nice, formatted message gets "altered". My complaint is that if this is supposed to be marketed to the masses, they have grown to expect to be able to simply forward on what they received and expect it to arrive at its destination intact. I don't think this is an unreasonable request. In Gmail's defense, their support emails do say that they are planning on adding an HTML editor, so presumably, this may be resolved, but as of this beta, it isn't. Note that this is NOT exclusive to Gmail. Some other Webmail services do the same thing, but it's rare.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Starring a message&lt;/h3&gt; When you "star" a message, you can later click on the "Starred" link on the left of the Inbox screen and Gmail will display all messages that have been "starred". Your specific reason for "starring" a message is purely personal. It simply gives you yet another way to "group" messages.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Composing a Message&lt;/h3&gt; Composing a new email in Gmail is simple. At beta, it is a simple, plain text editor. Gmail support says they are planning on adding an HTML editor.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Here is what the Compose Messagescreen looks like:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://g04.com/images/gmail/gmail_compose.jpg"&gt;&lt;img src="http://g04.com/images/gmail/gmail_composeT.jpg" height="205" width="240" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You enter the email address, the subject, and the message body and click "Send". Pretty normal stuff. One nice feature is that if you have contacts set up, as you type the contact's name, a quick menu of contacts containing the letters you typed comes up. You can select one of the addresses quickly and simply. Very nice. There's also an integrated spelling checker. You can also attach files.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Contacts&lt;/h3&gt; Here is what the Contacts screen looks like:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://g04.com/images/gmail/gmail_contacts.jpg"&gt;&lt;img src="http://g04.com/images/gmail/gmail_contactsT.jpg" height="205" width="240" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Underwhelming, isn't it? Simply put, it's a contact list and nothing more. You maintain names, addresses, and a short note for the name. No phone entries, no addresses, bo birthdays, just names and email addresses. Streamlined to say the least. At present, there is no facility to import or export the contacts list, but Gmail support says that they are planning on adding it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Some may view this as a weakness, bu don't forget that this isn't a corporate groupware product, this is a free webmail service.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Archiving&lt;/h3&gt; One of the first concepts that you have to get used to with Gmail is that of "Archiving". The overall power of Gmail is in its message management, searching and archival capabilities. In order to really leverage this, you need to get past the "I have to delete everything because I don't have enough storage space" mindset. With 1GB of storage, the average email user will have enough storage space to hold several years worth of emails. Yes, there will always be emails that you simply don't want to keep. Don't fret, despite some speculation, you can always delete any message you want. You aren't required to retain every email you ever received or sent.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;OK, so what's Archiving? Archiving a message simply tells Gmail to remove the message from your Inbox screen and keep it in your "All Mail" screen. Simple enough, but what does this mean? When you receive an email, it first goes into your inbox. You can read it, reply to it, forward it, etc. You can apply a label to it (more on labels later), you can trash it, or you can report it as Spam. Pretty typical functions. All emails will remain in your inbox until you specifically "Archive" them. Archiving simply removes the message from your inbox screen.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://g04.com/images/gmail/gmail_archive.jpg"&gt;&lt;img src="http://g04.com/images/gmail/gmail_archiveT.jpg" height="205" width="240" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But what happens to it? Don't worry, all messages are always accessible through the "All Mail" screen. Archiving simply cleans up your inbox. Once a message has been archived, should you ever want to, you can easily move it back to the inbox, but there really isn't a need for that.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Labels&lt;/h3&gt; The next concept that you have to wrap your mind around is that of the "Label". A Label is a way of classifying an email. It's similar to "folders" but it goes much farther: You can optionally assign a user-definable Label to any email. Then, when you click on a specific label in the label list on the left of the screen, Gmail displays only those emails under that label. Sounds a lot like folders, right?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The power of Labels shows in being able to assign multiple labels to an email. When you organize emails in folders, an email can reside in only one folder at a time. Say you have one folder called "Family" and another called "Jokes". Your brother sends you a joke email, so where do you put it--the Family folder or the Jokes folder? Gmail's Labels let you assign multiple labels to each email, so you could label your brother's joke email with both "Family" AND "Jokes" labels. Now, when you click the "Family" label in the label list, you see your brother's email along with all the other emails from family members. Likewise, when you click on the "Jokes" label, you also see your brother's joke email along with all of your other joke emails. At first, this may not seem too exciting, but after a while, you will see how this could be very powerful, especially with large numbers of accumulated emails.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Here is an example of the Labels screen:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://g04.com/images/gmail/gmail_labels.jpg"&gt;&lt;img src="http://g04.com/images/gmail/gmail_labelsT.jpg" height="205" width="240" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I actually like labels, and I know I'll miss it in my other email account screens.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Searching&lt;/h3&gt; Searching is one of Gmail's unique features and strengths. Every email you have sent or received (that you have not sent to Trash) is searchable from the Search screen. Here is what the Search screen looks like:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://g04.com/images/gmail/gmail_search.jpg"&gt;&lt;img src="http://g04.com/images/gmail/gmail_searchT.jpg" height="205" width="240" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As you can see, you can search on text in various fields. The fields aren't exclusive either--you can enter search text int multiple fields to narrow down the searches. In its current iteration, it seems pretty solid and useful. In fact, now that I've had a taste of Gmail's searching capabilities, I sorely miss it on my other email accounts. This should become standard fare on every webmail service.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The only thing I don't like about Gmail's implementation is that it doesn't provide for partial word searches. For example, if I want to find the email that had the City "Spokane" in it, but I don't know how to spell Spokane, I'm out of luck. I cannot enter "Spo" or "Spo*" or "*kane". Not a big issue, but some will complain.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Filters&lt;/h3&gt; Filtering is another useful feature. Filters are similar to Outlook's Rules. First you set up certain criteria similar to the Search function:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://g04.com/images/gmail/gmail_filter.jpg"&gt;&lt;img src="http://g04.com/images/gmail/gmail_filterT.jpg" height="205" width="240" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Then, you assign an action:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://g04.com/images/gmail/gmail_filter2.jpg"&gt;&lt;img src="http://g04.com/images/gmail/gmail_filter2T.jpg" height="205" width="240" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It's not fancy, but it is very useful to auto-label and archive certain emails. I read somewhere that you are limited to 20 filters. This may prove problematic for some.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Suggestions&lt;/h3&gt; Now that I have shown you what Gmail can do, here is a list of some suggestions that I feel will significantly improve the service. I forwarded this list to Gmail's "Feedback" page, so hopefully, they will consider some of them.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;Fix the "Forward" function to forward the message UNALTERED. This may seem like an odd suggestion, but currently, if a message is in HTML or Rich Text format, Gmail strips all formatting, links, and images resulting in a simple, plain text message. Messages need to be retained as-is for a number of reasons. Maybe, this could be an option, but by default, ALL messages should be handled unaltered.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Add "Report as Spam" button to same line as the "Archive", "More Actions", "Refresh" line. Yes, I could click on the "More Actions" dropdown and select it from the list, but I would rather have an easy-to-find button.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Replace the "Compose Email" and "Refresh" links with buttons for consistency. Just a cosmetic thing. If you are going to utilize buttons for some functions, be consistent across the interface.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Add an "Import " function to bring emails into Gmail. Say that I have a lot of emails residing on another email account that I would like to have "transferred" to Gmail. Yes, I could "Forward" them all, but then they would appear to be "From" me. Instead, I would like to be able to "export" the emails from my current acount in .eml format, and then "import" them into Gmail seamlessly. Gmail should recognize them as "new" emails and apply all defined Filters.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Add an "Export" function to be able to copy emails out of Gmail providing users the ability to have "offline" storage and access. Yes, I could "Forward' them to another account, but it would be nice to have an online function that saved them all to .eml files and Zipped them all up for easy download.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Integrate the Search funciton into the above suggested Export function to allow selective exporting.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Add an "External Email" function to be able to pull in emails from other POP and IMAP accounts instead of having to forward those accounts to Gmail.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Allow for partial word searches.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Add "Import" and "Export" functions to Contacts. Managing hundreds of Contacts, requires this.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Add capability to "Label" Contacts (defined separately from the Message "labels".) Currently, contacts are simply a list. Being able to apply labels to Contacts would let us better view and manage them. Then, we could select just a Contact label for emailing and it should sent to all contacts with that label--kind of like a mailing list.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Have "Filters" optionally apply to ALL emails instead of just those selected or just new emails. Once we have hundreds or thousands of emails, being able to globally process emails may become essential.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Add an "Advanced Settings" option to allow "power users" to "tweak" more options such as edit box dimensions, screen colors, etc.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;On the Settings screen, the entry "Maximum page size: Show XX conversations per page" has values of 25, 50, and 100. Add "20" to the list. This is large enough to show a good number of conversations, but small enough to prevent the user from having to grab the mouse to scroll down the page on a typical 1024x768 Windows XP screen.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Integrate Gmail notification into the Google Toolbar that would display the number of new messages in my Gmail Inbox. Clicking the button would then either launch the Gmail login screen, or if I could set my username and/or password in Toolbar "Settings", take me directly to my Gmail Inbox.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Provide an HTML editor to compose messages.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Allow Labels to be "nested" or "grouped" to allow for more granular labeling.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Optionally show a Size column in the Inbox listing and while reading a message. This should be togglable through Settings.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6010651104295445490-1821372896625089843?l=lobely.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/feeds/1821372896625089843/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6010651104295445490&amp;postID=1821372896625089843' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/1821372896625089843'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/1821372896625089843'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/2009/06/how-to-use-gmail.html' title='How to use gmail'/><author><name>prashanth Kumar Rachamalla</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='25' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/Sj9gYKvQYTI/AAAAAAAADg8/O1VIKRxTEJM/S220/cooltext400945784.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6010651104295445490.post-4666062267354547669</id><published>2009-06-22T03:34:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-06-22T03:35:49.592-07:00</updated><title type='text'>FREE EAMCET COUNSELLING</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="c25l"&gt;                             &lt;div class="subcl"&gt;                                 &lt;!-- Insert your subtemplate content here --&gt;                                 &lt;a href="http://www.cetcounselling.com"&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.cetcounselling.com/assets/images/cet_counsellor_logo.png" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h1 style="border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(221, 221, 221);"&gt;Why CET Counsellor?&lt;/h1&gt;                             &lt;ul class="feature"&gt;&lt;li&gt;Once you get the results of your CET ( EAMCET,KCET,ICET etc..),                                 the next thing you want to know is which college you can get in                                 to or which course you can choose based on your rank.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;The information about previous year’s                                 last rank details can come in very handy to get an idea of your chances this year.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;So, you need a way to go through this information in an                                 effective way so that you get a clear picture.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;CET Counsellor helps you to achieve this with it’s unique search                                 facility, with which you can get the exact information you are looking for.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;                              &lt;h1 style="border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(221, 221, 221);"&gt;How it works ?&lt;/h1&gt;                             &lt;ul class="feature"&gt;&lt;li&gt;It is based on the previous year’s last rank information                                 published by the relevant CET authorities.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;it’s like a mock counselling, where you specify your search criteria                                 ( rank, category etc.. ) and get unique search results matching your criteria.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;The search results can include more than one year’s last rank ( based on availability ) &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;There is no prediction here, just pure information.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;No guarantee of any sort that you get the same college or course. You can use these results to analyze your options&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;To make your search more effective we have provided                                 two ways of searching options. &lt;a href="http://www.cetcounselling.com/index.php/how_it_works#search_by_rank"&gt;Search By Rank&lt;/a&gt;                                 and &lt;a href="http://www.cetcounselling.com/index.php/how_it_works#view_college_matrix"&gt;View College Matrix&lt;/a&gt; .&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;                              &lt;h1 style="border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(221, 221, 221);" id="search_by_rank"&gt;Search By Rank&lt;/h1&gt;                             &lt;ul class="feature"&gt;&lt;li&gt;You provide search criteria like College Region, Course, Category, Gender and Rank .&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;We fetch the last ranks based on your criteria.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;To narrow your results, we search for last ranks with in the range of your rank to 10,000 + your rank.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;For Example, if you provide 1234 as your rank, we search for last ranks ranging from 1234 to ( 1234 + 10,000) &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;You get a list of colleges which have last ranks  between this range  &lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;                              &lt;h1 style="border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(221, 221, 221);" id="view_college_matrix"&gt;View College Matrix&lt;/h1&gt;                             &lt;ul class="feature"&gt;&lt;li&gt;Here you select a college&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;and get complete last ranks details of all the courses of  college.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;The last ranks are provided for more than one year based on the availability.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;/div&gt;                         &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6010651104295445490-4666062267354547669?l=lobely.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/feeds/4666062267354547669/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6010651104295445490&amp;postID=4666062267354547669' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/4666062267354547669'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/4666062267354547669'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/2009/06/free-eamcet-counselling.html' title='FREE EAMCET COUNSELLING'/><author><name>prashanth Kumar Rachamalla</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='25' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/Sj9gYKvQYTI/AAAAAAAADg8/O1VIKRxTEJM/S220/cooltext400945784.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6010651104295445490.post-5816568394791748620</id><published>2009-06-22T03:15:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-06-22T03:34:17.644-07:00</updated><title type='text'>EAMCET COUNSELLING PROCESS</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;1.Registration:&lt;/b&gt;  Candidates will be called as per ranks at the Registration Counter.                              Candidates have to pay the prescribed registration fee at the counter and obtain a receipt.                              They have to sign in the registration book at the registration counter.                              After signing in the resgiter, they have to proceed to the waiting hall at the verification                              counters.&lt;/p&gt;                               &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;2.Verification:&lt;/b&gt; Candidates have to submit all the required original certificates                              at the verification counter, when called. After verification of certificates, candidates                              have to wait in the counselling hall. They have to fill the details in the option forms                              provided to them (except the options).&lt;/p&gt;                               &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;3.Counselling:&lt;/b&gt; Candidates will be sent to the counselling counters as per ranks.                              At the counselling counter, candidates shall ensure that their details are correctly displayed                              on the counselling terminal before viewing the vacancies. Candidates shall fill their options                              in the Option forms provided to them as per their priorities in the order of preference.                              Candidates shall make sure that the counselling staff has entered the options correctly                              as per their order of preference. After giving options, candidates have to wait till their                              name is called at the Allotment counter.&lt;/p&gt;                               &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;4.Allotment:&lt;/b&gt; Allotments will be made as per merit in a sequence. If the options given by                              the candidates are not available at the time of allotment, they have to exercise options afresh.                              Once allotment is made, they are called to the Allotment counter. Candidates shall verify the                              allotment order for the correctness of the seat allotted and sign on the allotment order.                              After signing in the Allotment Order, candidates shall proceed to the bank counter for payment                              of fee. &lt;/p&gt;                               &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;5.Fee Payment:&lt;/b&gt; Candidates can pay the fee either in the form of D.D. or in cash at                              the Bank Counter when called. Candidates shall proceed to the Allotment Order Issue counter                              after paying the fee.&lt;/p&gt;                               &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;6.Issue of Allotment Order:&lt;/b&gt; Wait at the Allotment Order Issue counter till called. Candidates shall collect the Receipt of Certificates (receipt for the certificates they submitted), Allotment Order and Fee receipt at the counter. After taking the Allotment order and other receipts, candidates shall leave the premises and make room for others.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6010651104295445490-5816568394791748620?l=lobely.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/feeds/5816568394791748620/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6010651104295445490&amp;postID=5816568394791748620' title='3 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/5816568394791748620'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/5816568394791748620'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/2009/06/eamcet-counselling-process.html' title='EAMCET COUNSELLING PROCESS'/><author><name>prashanth Kumar Rachamalla</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='25' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/Sj9gYKvQYTI/AAAAAAAADg8/O1VIKRxTEJM/S220/cooltext400945784.gif'/></author><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6010651104295445490.post-6839018531757157653</id><published>2009-06-22T03:12:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-06-22T03:14:43.057-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='audio'/><title type='text'>automatic "Lyrics" of Songs in Winamp and Windows Media Player</title><content type='html'>Lyrics Plugin is a piece of software tailored for music fans. To put it simply - it is an add-on to view lyrics in WinAmp or Windows Media Player. No more searching for lyrics. Just start listening to your favourite songs and lyrics will be displayed automatically. Oh, and if lyrics is not found, you can add it yourself !&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Plug-ins are found at http://www.lyricsplugin.com/&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6010651104295445490-6839018531757157653?l=lobely.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/feeds/6839018531757157653/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6010651104295445490&amp;postID=6839018531757157653' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/6839018531757157653'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/6839018531757157653'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/2009/06/automatic-lyrics-of-songs-in-winamp-and.html' title='automatic &quot;Lyrics&quot; of Songs in Winamp and Windows Media Player'/><author><name>prashanth Kumar Rachamalla</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='25' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/Sj9gYKvQYTI/AAAAAAAADg8/O1VIKRxTEJM/S220/cooltext400945784.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6010651104295445490.post-6708744466002874797</id><published>2009-06-22T01:34:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-06-22T01:56:55.573-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='web'/><title type='text'>how to browse blocked websites at work or office?</title><content type='html'>Are your favorite websites blocked at work or school?&lt;br /&gt;       Do you want to browse the web secretly?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;open&lt;br /&gt;http://ibypass.net&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Simply use the "web address" box to surf to the website you want to access. It really is that simple!&lt;br /&gt;       &lt;span&gt;Remember:&lt;/span&gt; All that will be visible in your web history is that you visited iBypass.com&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6010651104295445490-6708744466002874797?l=lobely.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/feeds/6708744466002874797/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6010651104295445490&amp;postID=6708744466002874797' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/6708744466002874797'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6010651104295445490/posts/default/6708744466002874797'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lobely.blogspot.com/2009/06/how-to-browse-blocked-websites-at-work.html' title='how to browse blocked websites at work or office?'/><author><name>prashanth Kumar Rachamalla</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='25' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_iJlkPI4svyo/Sj9gYKvQYTI/AAAAAAAADg8/O1VIKRxTEJM/S220/cooltext400945784.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6010651104295445490.post-4971439396002165324</id><published>2009-06-22T01:00:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-06-22T01:04:47.258-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='linux'/><title type='text'>Unix Cheat Sheet</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="menu"&gt; &lt;ol class="toc"&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#sysinfo"&gt;System&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#processes"&gt;Processes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#filesystem"&gt;File System&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#network"&gt;Network&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#ssh"&gt;SSH SCP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#vpn"&gt;VPN with SSH&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#rsync"&gt;RSYNC&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#sudo"&gt;SUDO&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#crypt"&gt;Encrypt Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#cryptpart"&gt;Encrypt Partitions&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#certs"&gt;SSL Certificates&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#cvs"&gt;CVS&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#svn"&gt;SVN&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#other"&gt;Useful Commands&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#software"&gt;Install Software&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#convert"&gt;Convert Media&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#printing"&gt;Printing&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#databases"&gt;Databases&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#quota"&gt;Disk Quota&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#shells"&gt;Shells&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#scripting"&gt;Scripting&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#programming"&gt;Programming&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#onlinehelp"&gt;Online Help&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="changestyle"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#"&gt;       white  &lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#"&gt;       black &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class="pb"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;  Every chapter is inside a div block for easy XML parsing --&gt; &lt;div id="sysinfo"&gt; &lt;h1&gt;&lt;a&gt;System&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h1&gt; &lt;p class="xrefp"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#hardwareinfo" class="xrefp"&gt;Hardware&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#loadstats" class="xrefp"&gt;Statistics&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#users" class="xrefp"&gt;Users&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#limits" class="xrefp"&gt;Limits&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#runlevels" class="xrefp"&gt;Runlevels&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#resetpasswd" class="xrefp"&gt;root password&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#compilekernel" class="xrefp"&gt;Compile kernel&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; Running kernel and system information &lt;pre&gt;# uname -a                           &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Get the kernel version (and BSD version)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# cat /etc/SuSE-release              &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Get SuSE version&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# cat /etc/debian_version            &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Get Debian version&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; Use /etc/&lt;code&gt;DISTR&lt;/code&gt;-release with &lt;code&gt;DISTR=&lt;/code&gt; lsb (Ubuntu), redhat, gentoo, mandrake, sun (Solaris), and so on. &lt;pre&gt;# uptime                             &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Show how long the system has been running + load&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# hostname                           &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# system's host name&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# hostname -i                        &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Display the IP address of the host.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# man hier                           &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Description of the file system hierarchy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# last reboot                        &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Show system reboot history&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h2 id="hardwareinfo"&gt;Hardware Informations&lt;/h2&gt; Kernel detected hardware &lt;pre&gt;# dmesg                              &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Detected hardware and boot messages&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# lsdev                              &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# information about installed hardware&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# dd if=/dev/mem bs=1k skip=768 count=256 2&gt;/dev/null | strings -n 8 &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Read BIOS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h3&gt;Linux&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;pre&gt;# cat /proc/cpuinfo                  &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# CPU model&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# cat /proc/meminfo                  &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Hardware memory&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo        &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Display the physical memory&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# watch -n1 'cat /proc/interrupts'   &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Watch changeable interrupts continuously&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# free -m                            &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Used and free memory (-m for MB)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# cat /proc/devices                  &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Configured devices&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# lspci -tv                          &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Show PCI devices&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# lsusb -tv                          &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Show USB devices&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# lshal                              &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Show a list of all devices with their properties&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# dmidecode                          &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Show DMI/SMBIOS: hw info from the BIOS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h3&gt;FreeBSD&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;pre&gt;# sysctl hw.model                    &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# CPU model&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# sysctl hw                          &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Gives a lot of hardware information&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# sysctl vm                          &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Memory usage&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# dmesg | grep "real mem"            &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Hardware memory&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# sysctl -a | grep mem               &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Kernel memory settings and info&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# sysctl dev                         &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Configured devices&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# pciconf -l -cv                     &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Show PCI devices&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# usbdevs -v                         &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Show USB devices&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# atacontrol list                    &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Show ATA devices&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h2 id="loadstats"&gt;Load, statistics and messages&lt;/h2&gt; The following commands are useful to find out what is going on on the system. &lt;pre&gt;# top                                &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# display and update the top cpu processes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# mpstat 1                           &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# display processors related statistics&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# vmstat 2                           &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# display virtual memory statistics&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# iostat 2                           &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# display I/O statistics (2 s intervals)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# systat -vmstat 1                   &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# BSD summary of system statistics (1 s intervals)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# systat -tcp 1                      &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# BSD tcp connections (try also -ip)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# systat -netstat 1                  &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# BSD active network connections&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# systat -ifstat 1                   &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# BSD network traffic through active interfaces&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# systat -iostat 1                   &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# BSD CPU and and disk throughput&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# tail -n 500 /var/log/messages      &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Last 500 kernel/syslog messages&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# tail /var/log/warn                 &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# System warnings messages see syslog.conf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h2 id="users"&gt;Users&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;pre&gt;# id                                 &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Show the active user id with login and group&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# last                               &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Show last logins on the system&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# who                                &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Show who is logged on the system&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# groupadd admin                     &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Add group "admin" and user colin (Linux/Solaris)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# useradd -c "Colin Barschel" -g admin -m colin&lt;br /&gt;# userdel colin                      &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Delete user colin (Linux/Solaris)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# adduser joe                        &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# FreeBSD add user joe (interactive)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# rmuser joe                         &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# FreeBSD delete user joe (interactive)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# pw groupadd admin                  &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Use pw on FreeBSD&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# pw groupmod admin -m newmember     &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Add a new member to a group&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# pw useradd colin -c "Colin Barschel" -g admin -m -s /bin/tcsh&lt;br /&gt;# pw userdel colin; pw groupdel admin&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; Encrypted passwords are stored in /etc/shadow for Linux and Solaris and /etc/master.passwd on FreeBSD. If the master.passwd is modified manually (say to delete a password), run &lt;code&gt;# pwd_mkdb -p master.passwd&lt;/code&gt; to rebuild the database.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To temporarily prevent logins system wide (for all users but root) use nologin. The message in nologin will be displayed. &lt;pre&gt;# echo "Sorry no login now" &gt; /etc/nologin       &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# (Linux)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# echo "Sorry no login now" &gt; /var/run/nologin   &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# (FreeBSD)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h2 id="limits"&gt;Limits&lt;/h2&gt; Some application require higher limits on open files and sockets (like a proxy web server, database). The default limits are usually too low. &lt;h3&gt;Linux&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;h4&gt;Per shell/script&lt;/h4&gt; The shell limits are governed by &lt;code&gt;ulimit&lt;/code&gt;. The status is checked with &lt;code&gt;ulimit -a&lt;/code&gt;. For example to change the open files limit from 1024 to 10240 do: &lt;pre&gt;# ulimit -n 10240                    &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# This is only valid within the shell&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; The &lt;code&gt;ulimit&lt;/code&gt; command can be used in a script to change the limits for the script only. &lt;h4&gt;Per user/process&lt;/h4&gt; Login users and applications can be configured in &lt;code&gt;/etc/security/limits.conf&lt;/code&gt;. For example: &lt;pre&gt;# cat /etc/security/limits.conf&lt;br /&gt;*   hard    nproc   250              &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Limit user processes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;asterisk hard nofile 409600          &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Limit application open files&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h4&gt;System wide&lt;/h4&gt; Kernel limits are set with sysctl. Permanent limits are set in &lt;code&gt;/etc/sysctl.conf&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;pre&gt;# sysctl -a                          &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# View all system limits&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# sysctl fs.file-max                 &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# View max open files limit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# sysctl fs.file-max=102400          &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Change max open files limit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# cat /etc/sysctl.conf&lt;br /&gt;fs.file-max=102400                   &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Permanent entry in sysctl.conf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# cat /proc/sys/fs/file-nr           &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# How many file descriptors are in use&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h3&gt;FreeBSD&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;h4&gt;Per shell/script&lt;/h4&gt; Use the command &lt;code&gt;limits&lt;/code&gt; in csh or tcsh or as in Linux, use &lt;code&gt;ulimit&lt;/code&gt; in an sh or bash shell. &lt;h4&gt;Per user/process&lt;/h4&gt; The default limits on login are set in &lt;code&gt;/etc/login.conf&lt;/code&gt;. An unlimited value is still limited by the system maximal value. &lt;h4&gt;System wide&lt;/h4&gt; Kernel limits are also set with sysctl. Permanent limits are set in &lt;code&gt;/etc/sysctl.conf&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;/boot/loader.conf&lt;/code&gt;. The syntax is the same as Linux but the keys are different. &lt;pre&gt;# sysctl -a                          &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# View all system limits&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# sysctl kern.maxfiles=XXXX          &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# maximum number of file descriptors&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;kern.ipc.nmbclusters=32768           &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Permanent entry in /etc/sysctl.conf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;kern.maxfiles=65536                  &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Typical values for Squid&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;kern.maxfilesperproc=32768&lt;br /&gt;kern.ipc.somaxconn=8192              &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# TCP queue. Better for apache/sendmail&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# sysctl kern.openfiles              &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# How many file descriptors are in use&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# sysctl kern.ipc.numopensockets     &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# How many open sockets are in use&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; See The &lt;a href="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/configtuning-kernel-limits.html"&gt;FreeBSD handbook Chapter 11&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="fn"&gt;http://www.freebsd.org/handbook/configtuning-kernel-limits.html&lt;/span&gt; for details. &lt;h3&gt;Solaris&lt;/h3&gt; The following values in &lt;code&gt;/etc/system&lt;/code&gt; will increase the maximum file descriptors per proc: &lt;pre&gt;set rlim_fd_max = 4096               &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Hard limit on file descriptors for a single proc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;set rlim_fd_cur = 1024               &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Soft limit on file descriptors for a single proc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h2 id="runlevels"&gt;Runlevels&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;h3&gt;Linux&lt;/h3&gt; Once booted, the kernel starts &lt;code&gt;init&lt;/code&gt; which then starts &lt;code&gt;rc&lt;/code&gt; which starts all scripts belonging to a runlevel. The scripts are stored in /etc/init.d and are linked into /etc/rc.d/rcN.d with N the runlevel number.&lt;br /&gt;The default runlevel is configured in /etc/inittab. It is usually 3 or 5: &lt;pre&gt;# grep default: /etc/inittab                                        &lt;br /&gt;id:3:initdefault:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; The actual runlevel (the list is shown below) can be changed with &lt;code&gt;init&lt;/code&gt;. For example to go from 3 to 5: &lt;pre&gt;# init 5                             &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Enters runlevel 5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;0       Shutdown and halt&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;1       Single-User mode (also S)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;2       Multi-user without network&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;3       Multi-user with network&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;5       Multi-user with X&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;6       Reboot&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; Use &lt;code&gt;chkconfig&lt;/code&gt; to configure the programs that will be started at boot in a runlevel. &lt;pre&gt;# chkconfig --list                   &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# List all init scripts&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# chkconfig --list sshd              &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Report the status of sshd&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# chkconfig sshd --level 35 on       &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Configure sshd for levels 3 and 5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# chkconfig sshd off                 &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Disable sshd for all runlevels&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; Debian and Debian based distributions like Ubuntu or Knoppix use the command &lt;code&gt;update-rc.d&lt;/code&gt; to manage the runlevels scripts. Default is to start in 2,3,4 and 5 and shutdown in 0,1 and 6. &lt;pre&gt;# update-rc.d sshd defaults          &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Activate sshd with the default runlevels&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# update-rc.d sshd start 20 2 3 4 5 . stop 20 0 1 6 .  &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# With explicit arguments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# update-rc.d -f sshd remove         &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Disable sshd for all runlevels&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# shutdown -h now (or # poweroff)    &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Shutdown and halt the system&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h3&gt;FreeBSD&lt;/h3&gt; The BSD boot approach is different from the SysV, there are no runlevels. The final boot state (single user, with or without X) is configured in &lt;code&gt;/etc/ttys&lt;/code&gt;. All OS scripts are located in &lt;code&gt;/etc/rc.d/&lt;/code&gt; and in &lt;code&gt;/usr/local/etc/rc.d/&lt;/code&gt; for third-party applications. The activation of the service is configured in &lt;code&gt;/etc/rc.conf&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;/etc/rc.conf.local&lt;/code&gt;. The default behavior is configured in &lt;code&gt;/etc/defaults/rc.conf&lt;/code&gt;. The scripts responds at least to start|stop|status. &lt;pre&gt;# /etc/rc.d/sshd status&lt;br /&gt;sshd is running as pid 552.&lt;br /&gt;# shutdown now                       &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Go into single-user mode&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# exit                               &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Go back to multi-user mode&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# shutdown -p now                    &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Shutdown and halt the system&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# shutdown -r now                    &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Reboot&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; The process &lt;code&gt;init&lt;/code&gt; can also be used to reach one of the following states level. For example &lt;code&gt;# init 6&lt;/code&gt; for reboot. &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;0       Halt and turn the power off (signal &lt;code&gt;USR2&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;1       Go to single-user mode (signal &lt;code&gt;TERM&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;6       Reboot the machine (signal &lt;code&gt;INT&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;c       Block further logins (signal &lt;code&gt;TSTP&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;q       Rescan the ttys(5) file (signal &lt;code&gt;HUP&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 id="resetpasswd"&gt;Reset root password&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;h3&gt;Linux method 1&lt;/h3&gt; At the boot loader (lilo or grub), enter the following boot option: &lt;pre&gt;init=/bin/sh&lt;/pre&gt; The kernel will mount the root partition and &lt;code&gt;init&lt;/code&gt; will start the bourne shell instead of &lt;code&gt;rc&lt;/code&gt; and then a runlevel. Use the command &lt;code&gt;passwd&lt;/code&gt; at the prompt to change the password and then reboot. Forget the single user mode as you need the password for that.&lt;br /&gt;If, after booting, the root partition is mounted read only, remount it rw: &lt;pre&gt;# mount -o remount,rw /&lt;br /&gt;# passwd                             &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# or delete the root password (/etc/shadow)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# sync; mount -o remount,ro /        &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# sync before to remount read only&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# reboot&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h3&gt;FreeBSD and Linux method 2&lt;/h3&gt; FreeBSD won't let you go away with the simple init trick. The solution is to mount the root partition from an other OS (like a rescue CD) and change the password on the disk. &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Boot a live CD or installation CD into a rescue mode which will give you a shell.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Find the root partition with fdisk e.g. fdisk /dev/sda&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Mount it and use chroot:&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;pre&gt;# mount -o rw /dev/ad4s3a /mnt&lt;br /&gt;# chroot /mnt                        &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# chroot into /mnt&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# passwd&lt;br /&gt;# reboot&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; Alternatively on FreeBSD, boot in single user mode, remount / rw and use passwd. &lt;pre&gt;# mount -u /; mount -a               &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# will mount / rw&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# passwd&lt;br /&gt;# reboot&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h2 id="kernelmodules"&gt;Kernel modules&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;h3&gt;Linux&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;pre&gt;# lsmod                              &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# List all modules loaded in the kernel&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# modprobe isdn                      &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# To load a module (here isdn)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h3&gt;FreeBSD&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;pre&gt;# kldstat                            &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# List all modules loaded in the kernel&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# kldload crypto                     &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# To load a module (here crypto)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h2 id="compilekernel"&gt;Compile Kernel&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;h3&gt;Linux&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;pre&gt;# cd /usr/src/linux&lt;br /&gt;# make mrproper                      &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Clean everything, including config files&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# make oldconfig                     &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Create a new config file from the current kernel&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# make menuconfig                    &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# or xconfig (Qt) or gconfig (GTK)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# make                               &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Create a compressed kernel image&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# make modules                       &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Compile the modules&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# make modules_install               &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Install the modules&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# make install                       &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Install the kernel&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# reboot&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h3&gt;FreeBSD&lt;/h3&gt;To modify and rebuild the kernel, copy the generic configuration file to a new name and edit it as needed. It is however also possible to edit the file &lt;code&gt;GENERIC&lt;/code&gt; directly. &lt;pre&gt;# cd /usr/src/sys/i386/conf/&lt;br /&gt;# cp GENERIC MYKERNEL&lt;br /&gt;# cd /usr/src&lt;br /&gt;# make buildkernel KERNCONF=MYKERNEL&lt;br /&gt;# make installkernel KERNCONF=MYKERNEL&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; To rebuild the full OS: &lt;pre&gt;# make buildworld                    &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Build the full OS but not the kernel&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# make buildkernel                   &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Use KERNCONF as above if appropriate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# make installkernel&lt;br /&gt;# reboot&lt;br /&gt;# mergemaster -p                     &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Compares only files known to be essential&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# make installworld&lt;br /&gt;# mergemaster                        &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Update all configuration and other files&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# reboot&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; For small changes in the source, sometimes the short version is enough: &lt;pre&gt;# make kernel world                  &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Compile and install both kernel and OS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# mergemaster&lt;br /&gt;# reboot&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div id="processes"&gt; &lt;h1&gt;&lt;a&gt;Processes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h1&gt; &lt;p class="xrefp"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#ps" class="xrefp"&gt;Listing&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#nice" class="xrefp"&gt;Priority&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#bgfg" class="xrefp"&gt;Background/Foreground&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#top" class="xrefp"&gt;Top&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#kill" class="xrefp"&gt;Kill&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;h2 id="ps"&gt;Listing and PIDs&lt;/h2&gt; Each process has a unique number, the PID. A list of all running process is retrieved with &lt;code&gt;ps&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;pre&gt;# ps -auxefw                         &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Extensive list of all running process&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; However more typical usage is with a pipe or with &lt;code&gt;pgrep&lt;/code&gt;: &lt;pre&gt;# ps axww | grep cron&lt;br /&gt; 586  ??  Is     0:01.48 /usr/sbin/cron -s&lt;br /&gt;# pgrep -l sshd                      &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Find the PIDs of processes by (part of) name&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# fuser -va 22/tcp                   &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# List processes using port 22&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# fuser -va /home                    &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# List processes accessing the /home partiton&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# strace df                          &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Trace system calls and signals&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# truss df                           &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# same as above on FreeBSD/Solaris/Unixware&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# history | tail -50                 &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Display the last 50 used commands&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h2 id="nice"&gt;Priority&lt;/h2&gt; Change the priority of a running process with &lt;code&gt;renice&lt;/code&gt;. Negative numbers have a higher priority, the lowest is -20 and "nice" have a positive value. &lt;pre&gt;# renice -5 586                      &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Stronger priority&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;586: old priority 0, new priority -5&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; Start the process with a defined priority with &lt;code&gt;nice&lt;/code&gt;. Positive is "nice" or weak, negative is strong scheduling priority. Make sure you know if &lt;code&gt;/usr/bin/nice&lt;/code&gt; or the shell built-in is used (check with &lt;code&gt;# which nice&lt;/code&gt;). &lt;pre&gt;# nice -n -5 top                     &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Stronger priority (/usr/bin/nice)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# nice -n 5 top                      &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Weaker priority (/usr/bin/nice)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# nice +5 top                        &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# tcsh builtin nice (same as above!)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h2 id="bgfg"&gt;Background/Foreground&lt;/h2&gt; When started from a shell, processes can be brought in the background and back to the foreground with [Ctrl]-[Z] (^Z), &lt;code&gt;bg&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;fg&lt;/code&gt;. For example start two processes, bring them in the background, list the processes with &lt;code&gt;jobs&lt;/code&gt; and bring one in the foreground. &lt;pre&gt;# ping cb.vu &gt; ping.log&lt;br /&gt;^Z                                   &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# ping is suspended (stopped) with [Ctrl]-[Z]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# bg                                 &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# put in background and continues running&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# jobs -l                            &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# List processes in background&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[1]  - 36232 Running                       ping cb.vu &gt; ping.log&lt;br /&gt;[2]  + 36233 Suspended (tty output)        top&lt;br /&gt;# fg %2                              &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Bring process 2 back in foreground&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; Use &lt;code&gt;nohup&lt;/code&gt; to start a process which has to keep running when the shell is closed (immune to hangups). &lt;pre&gt;# nohup ping -i 60 &gt; ping.log &amp;amp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h2 id="top"&gt;Top&lt;/h2&gt; The program &lt;code&gt;top&lt;/code&gt; displays running information of processes. &lt;pre&gt;# top&lt;/pre&gt; While top is running press the key h for a help overview. Useful keys are: &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;u [user name]&lt;/b&gt; To display only the processes belonging to the user. Use + or blank to see all users&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;k [pid]&lt;/b&gt; Kill the process with pid.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;1&lt;/b&gt; To display all processors statistics (Linux only)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;R&lt;/b&gt; Toggle normal/reverse sort.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 id="kill"&gt;Signals/Kill&lt;/h2&gt; Terminate or send a signal with &lt;code&gt;kill&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;killall&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;pre&gt;# ping -i 60 cb.vu &gt; ping.log &amp;amp;&lt;br /&gt;[1] 4712&lt;br /&gt;# kill -s TERM 4712                  &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# same as kill -15 4712&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# killall -1 httpd                   &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Kill HUP processes by exact name&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# pkill -9 http                      &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Kill TERM processes by (part of) name&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# pkill -TERM -u www                 &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Kill TERM processes owned by www&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# fuser -k -TERM -m /home            &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Kill every process accessing /home (to umount)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; Important signals are: &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;1       &lt;code&gt;HUP&lt;/code&gt; (hang up)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;2       &lt;code&gt;INT&lt;/code&gt; (interrupt)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;3       &lt;code&gt;QUIT&lt;/code&gt; (quit)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;9       &lt;code&gt;KILL&lt;/code&gt; (non-catchable, non-ignorable kill)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;15     &lt;code&gt;TERM&lt;/code&gt; (software termination signal)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div id="filesystem"&gt; &lt;h1&gt;&lt;a&gt;File System&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h1&gt; &lt;p class="xrefp"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#diskinfo" class="xrefp"&gt;Disk info&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#fsboot" class="xrefp"&gt;Boot&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#mountpoints" class="xrefp"&gt;Disk usage&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#filesstat" class="xrefp"&gt;Opened files&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#mountcd" class="xrefp"&gt;Mount/remount&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#mountsmb" class="xrefp"&gt;Mount SMB&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#mountimg" class="xrefp"&gt;Mount image&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#burniso" class="xrefp"&gt;Burn ISO&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#createimg" class="xrefp"&gt;Create image&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#creatememdisk" class="xrefp"&gt;Memory disk&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#diskperf" class="xrefp"&gt;Disk performance&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;h2 id="permissions"&gt;Permissions&lt;/h2&gt; Change permission and ownership with &lt;code&gt;chmod&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;chown&lt;/code&gt;. The default umask can be changed for all users in /etc/profile for Linux or /etc/login.conf for FreeBSD. The default umask is usually 022. The umsak is subtracted from 777, thus umask 022 results in a permission 0f 755. &lt;pre&gt;1 --x execute                        &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Mode 764 = exec/read/write | read/write | read&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2 -w- write                          &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# For:       |--  Owner  --|   |- Group-|   |Oth|&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4 r-- read&lt;br /&gt; ugo=a                              &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;u=user, g=group, o=others, a=everyone&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;pre&gt;# chmod [OPTION] MODE[,MODE] FILE    &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# MODE is of the form [ugoa]*([-+=]([rwxXst]))&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# chmod 640 /var/log/maillog         &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Restrict the log -rw-r-----&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# chmod u=rw,g=r,o= /var/log/maillog &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Same as above&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# chmod -R o-r /home/*               &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Recursive remove other readable for all users&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# chmod u+s /path/to/prog            &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Set SUID bit on executable (know what you do!)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# find / -perm -u+s -print           &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Find all programs with the SUID bit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# chown user:group /path/to/file     &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Change the user and group ownership of a file&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# chgrp group /path/to/file          &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Change the group ownership of a file&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h2 id="diskinfo"&gt;Disk information&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;pre&gt;# diskinfo -v /dev/ad2               &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# information about disk (sector/size) FreeBSD&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# hdparm -I /dev/sda                 &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# information about the IDE/ATA disk (Linux)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# fdisk /dev/ad2                     &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Display and manipulate the partition table&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# smartctl -a /dev/ad2               &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Display the disk SMART info&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h2 id="fsboot"&gt;Boot&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;h3&gt;FreeBSD&lt;/h3&gt; To boot an old kernel if the new kernel doesn't boot, stop the boot at during the count down. &lt;pre&gt;# unload&lt;br /&gt;# load kernel.old&lt;br /&gt;# boot&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h2 id="mountpoints"&gt;System mount points/Disk usage&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;pre&gt;# mount | column -t                  &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Show mounted file-systems on the system&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# df                                 &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# display free disk space and mounted devices&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# cat /proc/partitions               &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Show all registered partitions (Linux)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h3 id="diskusage"&gt;Disk usage&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;pre&gt;# du -sh *                           &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Directory sizes as listing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# du -csh                            &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Total directory size of the current directory&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# du -ks * | sort -n -r              &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Sort everything by size in kilobytes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# ls -lSr                            &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Show files, biggest last&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h2 id="filesstat"&gt;Who has which files opened&lt;/h2&gt; This is useful to find out which file is blocking a partition which has to be unmounted and gives a typical error of: &lt;pre&gt;# umount /home/&lt;br /&gt;umount: unmount of /home             &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# umount impossible because a file is locking home&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  failed: Device busy&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h3&gt;FreeBSD and most Unixes&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;pre&gt;# fstat -f /home                     &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# for a mount point&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# fstat -p PID                       &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# for an application with PID&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# fstat -u user                      &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# for a user name&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; Find opened log file (or other opened files), say for Xorg: &lt;pre&gt;# ps ax | grep Xorg | awk '{print $1}'&lt;br /&gt;1252&lt;br /&gt;# fstat -p 1252&lt;br /&gt;USER     CMD          PID   FD MOUNT      INUM MODE         SZ|DV R/W&lt;br /&gt;root     Xorg        1252 root /             2 drwxr-xr-x     512  r&lt;br /&gt;root     Xorg        1252 text /usr     216016 -rws--x--x  1679848 r&lt;br /&gt;root     Xorg        1252    0 /var     212042 -rw-r--r--   56987  w&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; The file with inum 212042 is the only file in /var: &lt;pre&gt;# find -x /var -inum 212042&lt;br /&gt;/var/log/Xorg.0.log&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h3&gt;Linux&lt;/h3&gt; Find opened files on a mount point with &lt;code&gt;fuser&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;lsof&lt;/code&gt;: &lt;pre&gt;# fuser -m /home                     &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# List processes accessing /home&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# lsof /home&lt;br /&gt;COMMAND   PID    USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE    SIZE     NODE NAME&lt;br /&gt;tcsh    29029 eedcoba  cwd    DIR   0,18   12288  1048587 /home/eedcoba (guam:/home)&lt;br /&gt;lsof    29140 eedcoba  cwd    DIR   0,18   12288  1048587 /home/eedcoba (guam:/home)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; About an application: &lt;pre&gt;ps ax | grep Xorg | awk '{print $1}'&lt;br /&gt;3324&lt;br /&gt;# lsof -p 3324&lt;br /&gt;COMMAND   PID    USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE    SIZE    NODE NAME&lt;br /&gt;Xorg    3324 root    0w   REG        8,6   56296      12492 /var/log/Xorg.0.log&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; About a single file: &lt;pre&gt;# lsof /var/log/Xorg.0.log&lt;br /&gt;COMMAND  PID USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE  SIZE  NODE NAME&lt;br /&gt;Xorg    3324 root    0w   REG    8,6 56296 12492 /var/log/Xorg.0.log&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h2 id="mountcd"&gt;Mount/remount a file system&lt;/h2&gt; For example the cdrom. If listed in /etc/fstab: &lt;pre&gt;# mount /cdrom&lt;/pre&gt; Or find the device in /dev/ or with dmesg &lt;h3&gt;FreeBSD&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;pre&gt;# mount -v -t cd9660 /dev/cd0c /mnt  &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# cdrom&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# mount_cd9660 /dev/wcd0c /cdrom     &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# other method&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# mount -v -t msdos /dev/fd0c /mnt   &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# floppy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; Entry in /etc/fstab: &lt;pre&gt;# Device                Mountpoint      FStype  Options         Dump    Pass#&lt;br /&gt;/dev/acd0               /cdrom          cd9660  ro,noauto       0       0&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; To let users do it: &lt;pre&gt;# sysctl vfs.usermount=1  &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Or insert the line "vfs.usermount=1" in /etc/sysctl.conf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h3&gt;Linux&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;pre&gt;# mount -t auto /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom   &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# typical cdrom mount command&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# mount /dev/hdc -t iso9660 -r /cdrom   &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# typical IDE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# mount /dev/sdc0 -t iso9660 -r /cdrom  &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# typical SCSI&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; Entry in /etc/fstab: &lt;pre&gt;/dev/cdrom   /media/cdrom  subfs noauto,fs=cdfss,ro,procuid,nosuid,nodev,exec 0 0&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h4&gt;Mount a FreeBSD partition with Linux&lt;/h4&gt;Find the partition number containing with fdisk, this is usually the root partition, but it could be an other BSD slice too. If the FreeBSD has many slices, they are the one not listed in the fdisk table, but visible in /dev/sda* or /dev/hda*. &lt;pre&gt;# fdisk /dev/sda                     &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Find the FreeBSD partition&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;/dev/sda3   *        5357        7905    20474842+  a5  FreeBSD&lt;br /&gt;# mount -t ufs -o ufstype=ufs2,ro /dev/sda3 /mnt&lt;br /&gt;/dev/sda10 = /tmp; /dev/sda11 /usr   &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# The other slices&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h3 id="remount"&gt;Remount&lt;/h3&gt; Remount a device without unmounting it. Necessary for fsck for example &lt;pre&gt;# mount -o remount,ro /              &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Linux&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# mount -o ro /                      &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# FreeBSD&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; Copy the raw data from a cdrom into an iso image: &lt;pre&gt;# dd if=/dev/cd0c of=file.iso&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h2 id="mountsmb"&gt;Mount an SMB share&lt;/h2&gt;Suppose we want to access the SMB share myshare on the computer smbserver, the address as typed on a Windows PC is \\smbserver\myshare\. We mount on /mnt/smbshare. Warning&gt; cifs wants an IP or DNS name, not a Windows name. &lt;h3&gt;Linux&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;pre&gt;# smbclient -U user -I 192.168.16.229 -L //smbshare/    &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# List the shares&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# mount -t smbfs -o username=winuser //smbserver/myshare /mnt/smbshare&lt;br /&gt;# mount -t cifs -o username=winuser,password=winpwd //192.168.16.229/myshare /mnt/share&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; Additionally with the package mount.cifs it is possible to store the credentials in a file, for example &lt;code&gt;/home/user/.smb&lt;/code&gt;: &lt;pre&gt;username=winuser&lt;br /&gt;password=winpwd&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; And mount as follow: &lt;pre&gt;# mount -t cifs -o credentials=/home/user/.smb //192.168.16.229/myshare /mnt/smbshare&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h3&gt;FreeBSD&lt;/h3&gt; Use -I to give the IP (or DNS name); smbserver is the Windows name. &lt;pre&gt;# smbutil view -I 192.168.16.229 //winuser@smbserver    &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# List the shares&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# mount_smbfs -I 192.168.16.229 //winuser@smbserver/myshare /mnt/smbshare&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h2 id="mountimg"&gt;Mount an image&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;h3&gt;Linux loop-back&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;pre&gt;# mount -t iso9660 -o loop file.iso /mnt                &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Mount a CD image&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# mount -t ext3 -o loop file.img /mnt                   &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Mount an image with ext3 fs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h3&gt;FreeBSD&lt;/h3&gt; With memory device (do # kldload md.ko if necessary): &lt;pre&gt;# mdconfig -a -t vnode -f file.iso -u 0&lt;br /&gt;# mount -t cd9660 /dev/md0 /mnt&lt;br /&gt;# umount /mnt; mdconfig -d -u 0                         &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Cleanup the md device&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; Or with virtual node: &lt;pre&gt;# vnconfig /dev/vn0c file.iso; mount -t cd9660 /dev/vn0c /mnt&lt;br /&gt;# umount /mnt; vnconfig -u /dev/vn0c                    &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Cleanup the vn device&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h3&gt;Solaris and FreeBSD&lt;/h3&gt; with loop-back file interface or lofi: &lt;pre&gt;# lofiadm -a file.iso&lt;br /&gt;# mount -F hsfs -o ro /dev/lofi/1 /mnt&lt;br /&gt;# umount /mnt; lofiadm -d /dev/lofi/1                   &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Cleanup the lofi device&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h2 id="burniso"&gt;Create and burn an ISO image&lt;/h2&gt; This will copy the cd or DVD sector for sector. Without &lt;code&gt;conv=notrunc&lt;/code&gt;, the image will be smaller if there is less content on the cd. See below and the &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#dd" class="xref"&gt;dd examples&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;pre&gt;# dd if=/dev/hdc of=/tmp/mycd.iso bs=2048 conv=notrunc&lt;/pre&gt;Use mkisofs to create a CD/DVD image from files in a directory. To overcome the file names restrictions: -r enables the Rock Ridge extensions common to UNIX systems, -J enables Joliet extensions used by Microsoft systems. -L allows ISO9660 filenames to begin with a period. &lt;pre&gt;# mkisofs -J -L -r -V TITLE -o imagefile.iso /path/to/dir&lt;/pre&gt; On FreeBSD, mkisofs is found in the ports in sysutils/cdrtools. &lt;h3&gt;Burn a CD/DVD ISO image&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;h4&gt;FreeBSD&lt;/h4&gt;FreeBSD does not enable DMA on ATAPI drives by default. DMA is enabled with the sysctl command and the arguments below, or with /boot/loader.conf with the following entries: &lt;pre&gt;hw.ata.ata_dma="1"&lt;br /&gt;hw.ata.atapi_dma="1"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; Use &lt;code&gt;burncd&lt;/code&gt; with an ATAPI device (&lt;code&gt;burncd&lt;/code&gt; is part of the base system) and &lt;code&gt;cdrecord&lt;/code&gt; (in sysutils/cdrtools) with a SCSI drive. &lt;pre&gt;# burncd -f /dev/acd0 data imagefile.iso fixate      &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# For ATAPI drive&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# cdrecord -scanbus                  &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# To find the burner device (like 1,0,0)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# cdrecord dev=1,0,0 imagefile.iso&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h4&gt;Linux&lt;/h4&gt; Also use &lt;code&gt;cdrecord&lt;/code&gt; with Linux as described above. Additionally it is possible to use the native ATAPI interface which is found with: &lt;pre&gt;# cdrecord dev=ATAPI -scanbus&lt;/pre&gt; And burn the CD/DVD as above. &lt;h3&gt;Convert a Nero .nrg file to .iso&lt;/h3&gt; Nero simply adds a 300Kb header to a normal iso image. This can be trimmed with dd. &lt;pre&gt;# dd bs=1k if=imagefile.nrg of=imagefile.iso skip=300&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h3&gt;Convert a bin/cue image to .iso&lt;/h3&gt; The little &lt;a href="http://freshmeat.net/projects/bchunk/"&gt;&lt;code&gt;bchunk&lt;/code&gt; program&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="fn"&gt;http://freshmeat.net/projects/bchunk/&lt;/span&gt; can do this. It is in the FreeBSD ports in sysutils/bchunk. &lt;pre&gt;# bchunk imagefile.bin imagefile.cue imagefile.iso&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h2 id="createimg"&gt;Create a file based image&lt;/h2&gt; For example a partition of 1GB using the file /usr/vdisk.img. &lt;h3&gt;FreeBSD&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;pre&gt;# dd if=/dev/random of=/usr/vdisk.img bs=1K count=1M&lt;br /&gt;# mdconfig -a -t vnode -f /usr/vdisk.img -u 1         &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Creates device /dev/md1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# bsdlabel -w /dev/md1&lt;br /&gt;# newfs /dev/md1c&lt;br /&gt;# mount /dev/md1c /mnt&lt;br /&gt;# umount /mnt; mdconfig -d -u 1; rm /usr/vdisk.img    &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Cleanup the md device&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h3&gt;Linux&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;pre&gt;# dd if=/dev/zero of=/usr/vdisk.img bs=1024k count=1024&lt;br /&gt;# mkfs.ext3 /usr/vdisk.img&lt;br /&gt;# mount -o loop /usr/vdisk.img /mnt&lt;br /&gt;# umount /mnt; rm /usr/vdisk.img                      &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Cleanup&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h3 id="losetup"&gt;Linux with losetup&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;code&gt;/dev/zero&lt;/code&gt; is much faster than &lt;code&gt;urandom&lt;/code&gt;, but less secure for encryption. &lt;pre&gt;# dd if=/dev/urandom of=/usr/vdisk.img bs=1024k count=1024&lt;br /&gt;# losetup /dev/loop0 /usr/vdisk.img                   &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Creates and associates /dev/loop0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# mkfs.ext3 /dev/loop0&lt;br /&gt;# mount /dev/loop0 /mnt&lt;br /&gt;# losetup -a                                          &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Check used loops&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# umount /mnt&lt;br /&gt;# losetup -d /dev/loop0                               &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Detach&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# rm /usr/vdisk.img&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h2 id="creatememdisk"&gt;Create a memory file system&lt;/h2&gt; A memory based file system is very fast for heavy IO application. How to create a 64 MB partition mounted on /memdisk: &lt;h3&gt;FreeBSD&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;pre&gt;# mount_mfs -o rw -s 64M md /memdisk&lt;br /&gt;# umount /memdisk; mdconfig -d -u 0                   &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Cleanup the md device&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;md     /memdisk     mfs     rw,-s64M    0   0         &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# /etc/fstab entry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h3&gt;Linux&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;pre&gt;# mount -t tmpfs -osize=64m tmpfs /memdisk&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h2 id="diskperf"&gt;Disk performance&lt;/h2&gt; Read and write a 1 GB file on partition ad4s3c (/home) &lt;pre&gt;# time dd if=/dev/ad4s3c of=/dev/null bs=1024k count=1000&lt;br /&gt;# time dd if=/dev/zero bs=1024k count=1000 of=/home/1Gb.file&lt;br /&gt;# hdparm -tT /dev/hda      &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Linux only&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div id="network"&gt; &lt;h1&gt;&lt;a&gt;Network&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h1&gt; &lt;p class="xrefp"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#routing" class="xrefp"&gt;Routing&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#secondip" class="xrefp"&gt;Additional IP&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#changemac" class="xrefp"&gt;Change MAC&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#ports" class="xrefp"&gt;Ports&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#firewall" class="xrefp"&gt;Firewall&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#ipforward" class="xrefp"&gt;IP Forward&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#nat" class="xrefp"&gt;NAT&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#dns" class="xrefp"&gt;DNS&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#dhcp" class="xrefp"&gt;DHCP&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#traffic" class="xrefp"&gt;Traffic&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#trafficctrl" class="xrefp"&gt;QoS&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#nis" class="xrefp"&gt;NIS&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;h2 id="netdebug"&gt;Debugging (See also &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#traffic" class="xref"&gt;Traffic analysis)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;pre&gt;# mii-diag eth0             &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Show the link status (Linux)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# ifconfig fxp0             &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Check the "media" field on FreeBSD&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# arp -a                    &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Check the router (or host) ARP entry (all OS)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# ping cb.vu                &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# The first thing to try...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# traceroute cb.vu          &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Print the route path to destination&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# mii-diag -F 100baseTx-FD eth0  &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Force 100Mbit Full duplex (Linux)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# ifconfig fxp0 media 100baseTX mediaopt full-duplex  &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Same for FreeBSD&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# netstat -s                &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# System-wide statistics for each network protocol&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h2 id="routing"&gt;Routing&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;h3&gt;Print routing table&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;pre&gt;# route -n                 &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Linux&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# netstat -rn              &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Linux, BSD and UNIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# route print              &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Windows&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h3 id="addroute"&gt;Add and delete a route&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;h4&gt;FreeBSD&lt;/h4&gt; &lt;pre&gt;# route add 212.117.0.0/16 192.168.1.1&lt;br /&gt;# route delete 212.117.0.0/16&lt;br /&gt;# route add default 192.168.1.1&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; Add the route permanently in /etc/rc.conf &lt;pre&gt;static_routes="myroute"&lt;br /&gt;route_myroute="-net 212.117.0.0/16 192.168.1.1"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h4&gt;Linux&lt;/h4&gt; &lt;pre&gt;# route add -net 192.168.20.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.16.254&lt;br /&gt;# ip route add 192.168.20.0/24 via 192.168.16.254       &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# same as above with ip route&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# route add -net 192.168.20.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 dev eth0&lt;br /&gt;# route add default gw 192.168.51.254&lt;br /&gt;# ip route add default via 192.168.51.254               &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# same as above with ip route&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# route delete -net 192.168.20.0 netmask 255.255.255.0&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h4&gt;Windows&lt;/h4&gt; &lt;pre&gt;# Route add 192.168.50.0 mask 255.255.255.0 192.168.51.253&lt;br /&gt;# Route add 0.0.0.0 mask 0.0.0.0 192.168.51.254&lt;/pre&gt; Use add -p to make the route persistent. &lt;h2 id="secondip"&gt;Configure additional IP addresses&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;h3&gt;Linux&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;pre&gt;# ifconfig eth0 192.168.50.254 netmask 255.255.255.0       &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# First IP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# ifconfig eth0:0 192.168.51.254 netmask 255.255.255.0     &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Second IP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h3&gt;FreeBSD&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;pre&gt;# ifconfig fxp0 inet 192.168.50.254/24                     &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# First IP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# ifconfig fxp0 alias 192.168.51.254 netmask 255.255.255.0 &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Second IP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; Permanent entries in /etc/rc.conf &lt;pre&gt;ifconfig_fxp0="inet 192.168.50.254  netmask 255.255.255.0"&lt;br /&gt;ifconfig_fxp0_alias0="192.168.51.254 netmask 255.255.255.0"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h2 id="changemac"&gt;Change MAC address&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;pre&gt;# ifconfig eth0 hw ether 00:01:02:03:04:05      &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Linux&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# ifconfig fxp0 link 00:01:02:03:04:05          &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# FreeBSD&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h2 id="ports"&gt;Ports in use&lt;/h2&gt; Listening open ports: &lt;pre&gt;# netstat -an | grep LISTEN&lt;br /&gt;# lsof -i                  &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Linux list all Internet connections&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# socklist                 &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Linux display list of open sockets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# sockstat -4              &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# FreeBSD application listing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# netstat -anp --udp --tcp | grep LISTEN        &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Linux&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# netstat -tup             &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# List active connections to/from system (Linux)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# netstat -tupl            &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# List listening ports from system (Linux)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# netstat -ano             &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Windows&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h2 id="firewall"&gt;Firewall&lt;/h2&gt; Check if a firewall is running (typical configuration only): &lt;h3&gt;Linux&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;pre&gt;# iptables -L -n -v                  &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# For status&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Open the iptables firewall&lt;br /&gt;# iptables -Z                        &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Zero the packet and byte counters in all chains&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# iptables -F                        &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Flush all chains&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# iptables -X                        &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Delete all chains&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# iptables -P INPUT       ACCEPT     &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Open everything&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# iptables -P FORWARD     ACCEPT&lt;br /&gt;# iptables -P OUTPUT      ACCEPT&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h3&gt;FreeBSD&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;pre&gt;# ipfw show                          &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# For status&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# ipfw list 65535 &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# if answer is "65535 deny ip from any to any" the fw is disabled&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# sysctl net.inet.ip.fw.enable=0     &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Disable&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# sysctl net.inet.ip.fw.enable=1     &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Enable&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h2 id="ipforward"&gt;IP Forward for routing&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;h3&gt;Linux&lt;/h3&gt; Check and then enable IP forward with: &lt;pre&gt;# cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward  &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Check IP forward 0=off, 1=on&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# echo 1 &gt; /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; or edit /etc/sysctl.conf with: &lt;pre&gt;net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h3&gt;FreeBSD&lt;/h3&gt; Check and enable with: &lt;pre&gt;# sysctl net.inet.ip.forwarding      &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Check IP forward 0=off, 1=on&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# sysctl net.inet.ip.forwarding=1&lt;br /&gt;# sysctl net.inet.ip.fastforwarding=1 &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# For dedicated router or firewall&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Permanent with entry in /etc/rc.conf:&lt;br /&gt;gateway_enable="YES"                 &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Set to YES if this host will be a gateway.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h2 id="nat"&gt;NAT Network Address Translation&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;h3&gt;Linux&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;pre&gt;# iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# to activate NAT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp -d 78.31.70.238 --dport 20022 -j DNAT \&lt;br /&gt;--to 192.168.16.44:22           &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Port forward 20022 to internal IP port ssh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp -d 78.31.70.238 --dport 993:995 -j DNAT \&lt;br /&gt;--to 192.168.16.254:993:995     &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Port forward of range 993-995&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# ip route flush cache&lt;br /&gt;# iptables -L -t nat            &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Check NAT status&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; Delete the port forward with -D instead of -A. &lt;h3&gt;FreeBSD&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;pre&gt;# natd -s -m -u -dynamic -f /etc/natd.conf -n fxp0&lt;br /&gt;Or edit /etc/rc.conf with:&lt;br /&gt;firewall_enable="YES"           &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Set to YES to enable firewall functionality&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;firewall_type="open"            &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Firewall type (see /etc/rc.firewall)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;natd_enable="YES"               &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Enable natd (if firewall_enable == YES).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;natd_interface="tun0"           &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Public interface or IP address to use.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;natd_flags="-s -m -u -dynamic -f /etc/natd.conf"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; Port forward with: &lt;pre&gt;# cat /etc/natd.conf&lt;br /&gt;same_ports yes&lt;br /&gt;use_sockets yes&lt;br /&gt;unregistered_only&lt;br /&gt;# redirect_port tcp insideIP:2300-2399 3300-3399  &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# port range&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;redirect_port udp 192.168.51.103:7777 7777&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h2 id="dns"&gt;DNS&lt;/h2&gt;On Unix the DNS entries are valid for all interfaces and are stored in /etc/resolv.conf. The domain to which the host belongs is also stored in this file. A minimal configuration is: &lt;pre&gt;nameserver 78.31.70.238&lt;br /&gt;search sleepyowl.net intern.lab&lt;br /&gt;domain sleepyowl.net&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; Check the system domain name with: &lt;pre&gt;# hostname -d                        &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Same as dnsdomainname&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h3&gt;Windows&lt;/h3&gt; On Windows the DNS are configured per interface. To display the configured DNS and to flush the DNS cache use: &lt;pre&gt;# ipconfig /?                        &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Display help&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# ipconfig /all                      &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# See all information including DNS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# ipconfig /flushdns                 &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Flush the DNS cache&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h3&gt;Forward queries&lt;/h3&gt; Dig is you friend to test the DNS settings. For example the public DNS server &lt;code&gt;213.133.105.2 ns.second-ns.de&lt;/code&gt; can be used for testing. See from which server the client receives the answer (simplified answer). &lt;pre&gt;# dig sleepyowl.net&lt;br /&gt;sleepyowl.net.          600     IN      A       78.31.70.238&lt;br /&gt;;; SERVER: 192.168.51.254#53(192.168.51.254)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;The router 192.168.51.254 answered and the response is the A entry. Any entry can be queried and the DNS server can be selected with @: &lt;pre&gt;# dig MX google.com&lt;br /&gt;# dig @127.0.0.1 NS sun.com          &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# To test the local server&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# dig @204.97.212.10 NS MX heise.de  &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Query an external server&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# dig AXFR @ns1.xname.org cb.vu      &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Get the full zone (zone transfer)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; The program host is also powerful. &lt;pre&gt;# host -t MX cb.vu                   &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Get the mail MX entry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# host -t NS -T sun.com              &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Get the NS record over a TCP connection&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# host -a sleepyowl.net              &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Get everything&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h3&gt;Reverse queries&lt;/h3&gt; Find the name belonging to an IP address (in-addr.arpa.). This can be done with &lt;code&gt;dig&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;host&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;nslookup&lt;/code&gt;: &lt;pre&gt;# dig -x 78.31.70.238&lt;br /&gt;# host 78.31.70.238&lt;br /&gt;# nslookup 78.31.70.238&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h3&gt;/etc/hosts&lt;/h3&gt; Single hosts can be configured in the file /etc/hosts instead of running &lt;code&gt;named&lt;/code&gt; locally to resolve the hostname queries. The format is simple, for example: &lt;pre&gt;78.31.70.238   sleepyowl.net   sleepyowl&lt;/pre&gt; The priority between hosts and a dns query, that is the name resolution order, can be configured in &lt;code&gt;/etc/nsswitch.conf&lt;/code&gt; AND /etc/host.conf. The file also exists on Windows, it is usually in: &lt;pre&gt;C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\ETC&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h2 id="dhcp"&gt;DHCP&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;h3&gt;Linux&lt;/h3&gt; Some distributions (SuSE) use dhcpcd as client. The default interface is eth0. &lt;pre&gt;# dhcpcd -n eth0           &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Trigger a renew&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# dhcpcd -k eth0           &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# release and shutdown&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; The lease with the full information is stored in: &lt;pre&gt;/var/lib/dhcpcd/dhcpcd-eth0.info&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h3&gt;FreeBSD&lt;/h3&gt; FreeBSD (and Debian) uses dhclient. To configure an interface (for example bge0) run: &lt;pre&gt;# dhclient bge0&lt;/pre&gt; The lease with the full information is stored in: &lt;pre&gt;/var/db/dhclient.leases.bge0&lt;/pre&gt; Use &lt;pre&gt;/etc/dhclient.conf&lt;/pre&gt; to prepend options or force different options: &lt;pre&gt;# cat /etc/dhclient.conf&lt;br /&gt;interface "rl0" {&lt;br /&gt;   prepend domain-name-servers 127.0.0.1;&lt;br /&gt;   default domain-name "sleepyowl.net";&lt;br /&gt;   supersede domain-name "sleepyowl.net";&lt;br /&gt;}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h3&gt;Windows&lt;/h3&gt; The dhcp lease can be renewed with &lt;code&gt;ipconfig&lt;/code&gt;: &lt;pre&gt;# ipconfig /renew          &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# renew all adapters&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# ipconfig /renew LAN      &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# renew the adapter named "LAN"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# ipconfig /release WLAN   &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# release the adapter named "WLAN"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; Yes it is a good idea to rename you adapter with simple names! &lt;h2 id="traffic"&gt;Traffic analysis&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;a href="http://people.suug.ch/%7Etgr/bmon/"&gt;Bmon&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="fn"&gt;http://people.suug.ch/~tgr/bmon/&lt;/span&gt; is a small console bandwidth monitor and can display the flow on different interfaces. &lt;h3&gt;Sniff with tcpdump&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;pre&gt;# tcpdump -nl -i bge0 not port ssh and src \(192.168.16.121 or 192.168.16.54\)&lt;br /&gt;# tcpdump -l &gt; dump &amp;amp;&amp;amp; tail -f dump               &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Buffered output&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# tcpdump -i rl0 -w traffic.rl0                   &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Write traffic in binary file&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# tcpdump -r traffic.rl0                          &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Read from file (also for ethereal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# tcpdump port 80                                 &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# The two classic commands&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# tcpdump host google.com&lt;br /&gt;# tcpdump -i eth0 -X port \(110 or 143\)          &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Check if pop or imap is secure&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# tcpdump -n -i eth0 icmp                         &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Only catch pings&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# tcpdump -i eth0 -s 0 -A port 80 | grep GET      &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# -s 0 for full packet -A for ASCII&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; Additional important options: &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;-A&lt;/code&gt;     Print each packets in clear text (without header)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;-X&lt;/code&gt;     Print packets in hex and ASCII&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;-l&lt;/code&gt;     Make stdout line buffered&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;-D&lt;/code&gt;     Print all interfaces available&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; On Windows use windump from &lt;a href="http://www.winpcap.org/" rel="nofollow"&gt;www.winpcap.org&lt;/a&gt;. Use windump -D to list the interfaces. &lt;h3&gt;Scan with nmap&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;a href="http://insecure.org/nmap/" rel="nofollow"&gt;Nmap&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="fn"&gt;http://insecure.org/nmap/&lt;/span&gt; is a port scanner with OS detection, it is usually installed on most distributions and is also available for Windows. If you don't scan your servers, hackers do it for you... &lt;pre&gt;# nmap cb.vu               &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# scans all reserved TCP ports on the host&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# nmap -sP 192.168.16.0/24 &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Find out which IP are used and by which host on 0/24&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# nmap -sS -sV -O cb.vu    &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Do a stealth SYN scan with version and OS detection&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;PORT      STATE  SERVICE             VERSION&lt;br /&gt;22/tcp    open   ssh                 OpenSSH 3.8.1p1 FreeBSD-20060930 (protocol 2.0)&lt;br /&gt;25/tcp    open   smtp                Sendmail smtpd 8.13.6/8.13.6&lt;br /&gt;80/tcp    open   http                Apache httpd 2.0.59 ((FreeBSD) DAV/2 PHP/4.&lt;br /&gt;[...]&lt;br /&gt;Running: FreeBSD 5.X&lt;br /&gt;Uptime 33.120 days (since Fri Aug 31 11:41:04 2007)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h2 id="trafficctrl"&gt;Traffic control (QoS)&lt;/h2&gt;Traffic control manages the queuing, policing, scheduling, and other traffic parameters for a network. The following examples are simple practical uses of the Linux and FreeBSD capabilities to better use the available bandwidth. &lt;h3&gt;Limit upload&lt;/h3&gt;DSL or cable modems have a long queue to improve the upload throughput. However filling the queue with a fast device (e.g. ethernet) will dramatically decrease the interactivity. It is therefore useful to limit the device upload rate to match the physical capacity of the modem, this should greatly improve the interactivity. Set to about 90% of the modem maximal (cable) speed. &lt;h4&gt;Linux&lt;/h4&gt; For a 512 Kbit upload modem. &lt;pre&gt;# tc qdisc add dev eth0 root tbf rate 480kbit latency 50ms burst 1540&lt;br /&gt;# tc -s qdisc ls dev eth0                         &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Status&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# tc qdisc del dev eth0 root                      &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Delete the queue&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# tc qdisc change dev eth0 root tbf rate 220kbit latency 50ms burst 1540&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h4&gt;FreeBSD&lt;/h4&gt; FreeBSD uses the &lt;code&gt;dummynet&lt;/code&gt; traffic shaper which is configured with ipfw. Pipes are used to set limits the bandwidth in units of [K|M]{bit/s|Byte/s}, 0 means unlimited bandwidth. Using the same pipe number will reconfigure it. For example limit the upload bandwidth to 500 Kbit. &lt;pre&gt;# kldload dummynet                                &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# load the module if necessary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# ipfw pipe 1 config bw 500Kbit/s                 &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# create a pipe with limited bandwidth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# ipfw add pipe 1 ip from me to any               &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# divert the full upload into the pipe&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h3&gt;Quality of service&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;h4&gt;Linux&lt;/h4&gt; Priority queuing with &lt;code&gt;tc&lt;/code&gt; to optimize VoIP. See the full example on &lt;a href="http://www.voip-info.org/wiki-QoS+Linux+with+HFS" rel="nofollow"&gt;voip-info.org&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="http://www.howtoforge.com/voip_qos_traffic_shaping_iproute2_asterisk" rel="nofollow"&gt;www.howtoforge.com&lt;/a&gt;. Suppose VoIP uses udp on ports 10000:11024 and device eth0 (could also be ppp0 or so). The following commands define the QoS to three queues and force the VoIP traffic to queue 1 with QoS &lt;code&gt;0x1e&lt;/code&gt; (all bits set). The default traffic flows into queue 3 and QoS &lt;i&gt;Minimize-Delay&lt;/i&gt; flows into queue 2. &lt;pre&gt;# tc qdisc add dev eth0 root handle 1: prio priomap 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0&lt;br /&gt;# tc qdisc add dev eth0 parent 1:1 handle 10: sfq&lt;br /&gt;# tc qdisc add dev eth0 parent 1:2 handle 20: sfq&lt;br /&gt;# tc qdisc add dev eth0 parent 1:3 handle 30: sfq&lt;br /&gt;# tc filter add dev eth0 protocol ip parent 1: prio 1 u32 \&lt;br /&gt; match ip dport 10000 0x3C00 flowid 1:1          &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# use server port range&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; match ip dst 123.23.0.1 flowid 1:1              &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# or/and use server IP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; Status and remove with &lt;pre&gt;# tc -s qdisc ls dev eth0                         &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# queue status&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# tc qdisc del dev eth0 root                      &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# delete all QoS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h4&gt;Calculate port range and mask&lt;/h4&gt; The tc filter defines the port range with port and mask which you have to calculate. Find the 2^N &lt;i&gt;ending&lt;/i&gt; of the port range, deduce the range and convert to HEX. This is your mask. Example for 10000 -&gt; 11024, the range is 1024. &lt;pre&gt;# 2^13 (8192) &lt; class="cmt"&gt;# ending is 2^14 = 16384&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# echo "obase=16;(2^14)-1024" | bc                &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# mask is 0x3C00&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h4&gt;FreeBSD&lt;/h4&gt; The max link bandwidth is 500Kbit/s and we define 3 queues with priority 100:10:1 for VoIP:ssh:all the rest. &lt;pre&gt;# ipfw pipe 1 config bw 500Kbit/s&lt;br /&gt;# ipfw queue 1 config pipe 1 weight 100&lt;br /&gt;# ipfw queue 2 config pipe 1 weight 10&lt;br /&gt;# ipfw queue 3 config pipe 1 weight 1&lt;br /&gt;# ipfw add 10 queue 1 proto udp dst-port 10000-11024&lt;br /&gt;# ipfw add 11 queue 1 proto udp dst-ip 123.23.0.1 &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# or/and use server IP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# ipfw add 20 queue 2 dsp-port ssh&lt;br /&gt;# ipfw add 30 queue 3 from me to any              &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# all the rest&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; Status and remove with &lt;pre&gt;# ipfw list                                       &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# rules status&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# ipfw pipe list                                  &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# pipe status&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# ipfw flush                                      &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# deletes all rules but default&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h2 id="nis"&gt;NIS Debugging&lt;/h2&gt; Some commands which should work on a well configured NIS client: &lt;pre&gt;# ypwhich                  &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# get the connected NIS server name&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# domainname               &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# The NIS domain name as configured&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# ypcat group              &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# should display the group from the NIS server&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# cd /var/yp &amp;amp;&amp;amp; make       &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Rebuild the yp database&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; Is ypbind running? &lt;pre&gt;# ps auxww | grep ypbind&lt;br /&gt;/usr/sbin/ypbind -s -m -S servername1,servername2 &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# FreeBSD&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;/usr/sbin/ypbind           &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Linux&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# yppoll passwd.byname&lt;br /&gt;Map passwd.byname has order number 1190635041. Mon Sep 24 13:57:21 2007&lt;br /&gt;The master server is servername.domain.net.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h3&gt;Linux&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;pre&gt;# cat /etc/yp.conf&lt;br /&gt;ypserver servername&lt;br /&gt;domain domain.net broadcast&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div id="ssh"&gt; &lt;h1&gt;&lt;a&gt;SSH SCP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h1&gt; &lt;p class="xrefp"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#publickey" class="xrefp"&gt;Public key&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#sshfingerprint" class="xrefp"&gt;Fingerprint&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#scp" class="xrefp"&gt;SCP&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#sshtunnel" class="xrefp"&gt;Tunneling&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;h2 id="publickey"&gt;Public key authentication&lt;/h2&gt; Connect to a host without password using public key authentication. The idea is to append your public key to the authorized_keys2 file on the remote host. For this example let's &lt;b&gt;connect &lt;i&gt;host-client&lt;/i&gt; to &lt;i&gt;host-server&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, the key is generated on the client. &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Use ssh-keygen to generate a key pair. &lt;code&gt;~/.ssh/id_dsa&lt;/code&gt; is the private key, &lt;code&gt;~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub&lt;/code&gt; is the public key.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Copy only the public key to the server and append it to the file &lt;code&gt;~/.ssh/authorized_keys2&lt;/code&gt; on your home on the server.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;pre&gt;# ssh-keygen -t dsa -N ''&lt;br /&gt;# cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub | ssh you@host-server "cat - &gt;&gt; ~/.ssh/authorized_keys2"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h3&gt;Using the Windows client from ssh.com&lt;/h3&gt; The non commercial version of the ssh.com client can be downloaded the main ftp site: &lt;a href="http://ftp.ssh.com/pub/ssh/" rel="nofollow"&gt;ftp.ssh.com/pub/ssh/&lt;/a&gt;. Keys generated by the ssh.com client need to be converted for the OpenSSH server. This can be done with the ssh-keygen command. &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Create a key pair with the ssh.com client: Settings - User Authentication - Generate New....&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;I use Key type DSA; key length 2048.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Copy the public key generated by the ssh.com client to the server into the ~/.ssh folder.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;The keys are in C:\Documents and Settings\%USERNAME%\Application Data\SSH\UserKeys.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Use the ssh-keygen command on the server to convert the key:     &lt;pre&gt;# cd ~/.ssh&lt;br /&gt;# ssh-keygen -i -f keyfilename.pub &gt;&gt; authorized_keys2&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;     &lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;i&gt;Notice:&lt;/i&gt; We used a DSA key, RSA is also possible. The key is not protected by a password. &lt;h3&gt;Using putty for Windows&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/%7Esgtatham/putty/download.html"&gt;Putty&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="fn"&gt;http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/download.html&lt;/span&gt; is a simple and free ssh client for Windows. &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Create a key pair with the puTTYgen program.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Save the public and private keys (for example into C:\Documents and Settings\%USERNAME%\.ssh).&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Copy the public key to the server into the ~/.ssh folder:     &lt;pre&gt;# scp .ssh/puttykey.pub root@192.168.51.254:.ssh/&lt;/pre&gt;     &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Use the ssh-keygen command on the server to convert the key for OpenSSH:     &lt;pre&gt;# cd ~/.ssh&lt;br /&gt;# ssh-keygen -i -f puttykey.pub &gt;&gt; authorized_keys2&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;     &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Point the private key location in the putty settings: Connection - SSH - Auth&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 id="sshfingerprint"&gt;Check fingerprint&lt;/h2&gt;At the first login, ssh will ask if the unknown host with the fingerprint has to be stored in the known hosts. To avoid a man-in-the-middle attack the administrator of the server can send you the server fingerprint which is then compared on the first login. Use &lt;code&gt;ssh-keygen -l&lt;/code&gt; to get the fingerprint (on the server): &lt;pre&gt;# ssh-keygen -l -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub      &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# For RSA key&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2048 61:33:be:9b:ae:6c:36:31:fd:83:98:b7:99:2d:9f:cd /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub&lt;br /&gt;# ssh-keygen -l -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key.pub      &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# For DSA key (default)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2048 14:4a:aa:d9:73:25:46:6d:0a:48:35:c7:f4:16:d4:ee /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key.pub&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; Now the client connecting to this server can verify that he is connecting to the right server: &lt;pre&gt;# ssh linda&lt;br /&gt;The authenticity of host 'linda (192.168.16.54)' can't be established.&lt;br /&gt;DSA key fingerprint is 14:4a:aa:d9:73:25:46:6d:0a:48:35:c7:f4:16:d4:ee.&lt;br /&gt;Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h2 id="scp"&gt;Secure file transfer&lt;/h2&gt; Some simple commands:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;pre&gt;# scp file.txt host-two:/tmp&lt;br /&gt;# scp joe@host-two:/www/*.html /www/tmp&lt;br /&gt;# scp -r joe@host-two:/www /www/tmp&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; In Konqueror or Midnight Commander it is possible to access a remote file system with the address &lt;strong&gt;fish://user@gate&lt;/strong&gt;. However the implementation is very slow.&lt;br /&gt;Furthermore it is possible to mount a remote folder with &lt;strong&gt;sshfs&lt;/strong&gt; a file system client based on SCP. &lt;a href="http://fuse.sourceforge.net/sshfs.html"&gt;See fuse sshfs&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="fn"&gt;http://fuse.sourceforge.net/sshfs.html&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;h2 id="sshtunnel"&gt;Tunneling&lt;/h2&gt; SSH tunneling allows to forward or reverse forward a port over the SSH connection, thus securing the traffic and accessing ports which would otherwise be blocked. This only works with TCP. The general nomenclature for forward and reverse is (see also &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#sshnat"&gt;ssh and NAT example&lt;/a&gt;): &lt;pre&gt;# ssh -L localport:desthost:destport user@gate  &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# desthost as seen from the gate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# ssh -R destport:desthost:localport user@gate  &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# forwards your localport to destination&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# ssh -X user@gate   &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# To force X forwarding&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; This will connect to gate and forward the local port to the host desthost:destport. Note desthost is the destination host &lt;i&gt;as seen by the gate&lt;/i&gt;, so if the connection is to the gate, then desthost is localhost. More than one port forward is possible. &lt;h3&gt;Direct forward on the gate&lt;/h3&gt; Let say we want to access the CVS (port 2401) and http (port 80) which are running on the gate. This is the simplest example, desthost is thus localhost, and we use the port 8080 locally instead of 80 so we don't need to be root. Once the ssh session is open, both services are accessible on the local ports. &lt;pre&gt;# ssh -L 2401:localhost:2401 -L 8080:localhost:80 user@gate&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h3&gt;Netbios and remote desktop forward to a second server&lt;/h3&gt;Let say a Windows smb server is behind the gate and is not running ssh. We need access to the smb share and also remote desktop to the server. &lt;pre&gt;# ssh -L 139:smbserver:139 -L 3388:smbserver:3389 user@gate&lt;/pre&gt; The smb share can now be accessed with \\127.0.0.1\, but only if the local share is disabled, because &lt;i&gt;the local share is listening on port 139&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;It is possible to keep the local share enabled, for this we need to create a new virtual device with a new IP address for the tunnel, the smb share will be connected over this address. Furthermore &lt;i&gt;the local RDP is already listening on 3389&lt;/i&gt;, so we choose 3388. For this example let's use a virtual IP of 10.1.1.1.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;With putty use Source port=10.1.1.1:139. It is possible to create multiple loop devices and tunnel. On Windows 2000, only putty worked for me.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;With the ssh.com client, disable "Allow local connections only". Since ssh.com will bind to all addresses, only a single share can be connected.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; Now create the loopback interface with IP 10.1.1.1: &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;# System-&gt;Control Panel-&gt;Add Hardware # Yes, Hardware is already connected # Add a new hardware device (at bottom).&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;# Install the hardware that I manually select # Network adapters # Microsoft , Microsoft Loopback Adapter.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Configure the IP address of the fake device to 10.1.1.1 mask 255.255.255.0, no gateway.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;advanced-&gt;WINS, Enable LMHosts Lookup; Disable NetBIOS over TCP/IP.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;# Enable Client for Microsoft Networks. # Disable File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; I HAD to reboot for this to work. Now connect to the smb share with \\10.1.1.1 and remote desktop to 10.1.1.1:3388. &lt;h4&gt;Debug&lt;/h4&gt; If it is not working: &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Are the ports forwarded: netstat -an? Look at 0.0.0.0:139 or 10.1.1.1:139&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Does telnet 10.1.1.1 139 connect?&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;You need the checkbox "Local ports accept connections from other hosts".&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Is "File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks" disabled on the loopback interface?&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h3 id="sshnat"&gt;Connect two clients behind NAT&lt;/h3&gt; Suppose two clients are behind a NAT gateway and client cliadmin has to connect to client cliuser (the destination), both can login to the gate with ssh and are running Linux with sshd. You don't need root access anywhere as long as the ports on gate are above 1024. We use 2022 on gate. Also since the gate is used locally, the option GatewayPorts is not necessary.&lt;br /&gt;On client cliuser (from destination to gate): &lt;pre&gt;# ssh -R 2022:localhost:22 user@gate            &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# forwards client 22 to gate:2022&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; On client cliadmin (from host to gate): &lt;pre&gt;# ssh -L 3022:localhost:2022 admin@gate         &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# forwards client 3022 to gate:2022&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; Now the admin can connect directly to the client cliuser with: &lt;pre&gt;# ssh -p 3022 admin@localhost                   &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# local:3022 -&gt; gate:2022 -&gt; client:22&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h3&gt;Connect to VNC behind NAT&lt;/h3&gt; Suppose a Windows client with VNC listening on port 5900 has to be accessed from behind NAT. On client cliwin to gate: &lt;pre&gt;# ssh -R 15900:localhost:5900 user@gate&lt;/pre&gt; On client cliadmin (from host to gate): &lt;pre&gt;# ssh -L 5900:localhost:15900 admin@gate&lt;/pre&gt; Now the admin can connect directly to the client VNC with: &lt;pre&gt;# vncconnect -display :0 localhost&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div id="vpn"&gt; &lt;h1&gt;&lt;a&gt;VPN with SSH&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h1&gt; As of version 4.3, OpenSSH can use the tun/tap device to encrypt a tunnel. This is very similar to other TLS based VPN solutions like OpenVPN. One advantage with SSH is that there is no need to install and configure additional software. Additionally the tunnel uses the SSH authentication like pre shared keys. The drawback is that the encapsulation is done over TCP which might result in poor performance on a slow link. Also the tunnel is relying on a single (fragile) TCP connection. This technique is very useful for a quick IP based VPN setup. There is no limitation as with the single TCP port forward, all layer 3/4 protocols like ICMP, TCP/UDP, etc. are forwarded over the VPN. In any case, the following options are needed in the sshd_conf file: &lt;pre&gt;PermitRootLogin yes&lt;br /&gt;PermitTunnel yes&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h2 id="sshp2p"&gt;Single P2P connection&lt;/h2&gt; Here we are connecting two hosts, hclient and hserver with a peer to peer tunnel. The connection is &lt;i&gt;started from hclient&lt;/i&gt; to hserver and is done as root. The tunnel end points are 10.0.1.1 (server) and 10.0.1.2 (client) and we create a device tun5 (this could also be an other number). The procedure is very simple: &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Connect with SSH using the tunnel option -w&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Configure the IP addresses of the tunnel. Once on the server and once on the client.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h3&gt;Connect to the server&lt;/h3&gt; Connection started on the client and commands are executed on the server. &lt;h4&gt;Server is on Linux&lt;/h4&gt; &lt;pre&gt;&lt;span class="cmt"&gt;cli&gt;#&lt;/span&gt; ssh -w5:5 root@hserver&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="cmt"&gt;srv&gt;#&lt;/span&gt; ifconfig tun5 10.0.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.252   &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Executed on the server shell&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h4&gt;Server is on FreeBSD&lt;/h4&gt; &lt;pre&gt;&lt;span class="cmt"&gt;cli&gt;#&lt;/span&gt; ssh -w5:5 root@hserver&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="cmt"&gt;srv&gt;#&lt;/span&gt; ifconfig tun5 10.0.1.1 10.0.1.2                  &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Executed on the server shell&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h3&gt;Configure the client&lt;/h3&gt; Commands executed on the client: &lt;pre&gt;&lt;span class="cmt"&gt;cli&gt;#&lt;/span&gt; ifconfig tun5 10.0.1.2 netmask 255.255.255.252   &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Client is on Linux&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="cmt"&gt;cli&gt;#&lt;/span&gt; ifconfig tun5 10.0.1.2 10.0.1.1                  &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Client is on FreeBSD&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; The two hosts are now connected and can transparently communicate with any layer 3/4 protocol using the tunnel IP addresses. &lt;h2 id="sshg2g"&gt;Connect two networks&lt;/h2&gt;In addition to the p2p setup above, it is more useful to connect two private networks with an SSH VPN using two gates. Suppose for the example, netA is 192.168.51.0/24 and netB 192.168.16.0/24. The procedure is similar as above, we only need to add the routing. NAT must be activated on the private interface only if the gates are not the same as the default gateway of their network.&lt;br /&gt;192.168.51.0/24 (netA)|gateA &lt;-&gt; gateB|192.168.16.0/24 (netB)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Connect with SSH using the tunnel option -w.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Configure the IP addresses of the tunnel. Once on the server and once on the client.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Add the routing for the two networks.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;If necessary, activate NAT on the private interface of the gate.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; The setup is &lt;i&gt;started from gateA in netA&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;h3&gt;Connect from gateA to gateB&lt;/h3&gt; Connection is started from gateA and commands are executed on gateB. &lt;h4&gt;gateB is on Linux&lt;/h4&gt; &lt;pre&gt;&lt;span class="cmt"&gt;gateA&gt;#&lt;/span&gt; ssh -w5:5 root@gateB&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="cmt"&gt;gateB&gt;#&lt;/span&gt; ifconfig tun5 10.0.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.252 &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Executed on the gateB shell&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="cmt"&gt;gateB&gt;#&lt;/span&gt; route add -net 192.168.51.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 dev tun5&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="cmt"&gt;gateB&gt;#&lt;/span&gt; echo 1 &gt; /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward        &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Only needed if not default gw&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="cmt"&gt;gateB&gt;#&lt;/span&gt; iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h4&gt;gateB is on FreeBSD&lt;/h4&gt; &lt;pre&gt;&lt;span class="cmt"&gt;gateA&gt;#&lt;/span&gt; ssh -w5:5 root@gateB                          &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Creates the tun5 devices&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="cmt"&gt;gateB&gt;#&lt;/span&gt; ifconfig tun5 10.0.1.1 10.0.1.2               &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Executed on the gateB shell&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="cmt"&gt;gateB&gt;#&lt;/span&gt; route add 192.168.51.0/24 10.0.1.2&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="cmt"&gt;gateB&gt;#&lt;/span&gt; sysctl net.inet.ip.forwarding=1               &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Only needed if not default gw&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="cmt"&gt;gateB&gt;#&lt;/span&gt; natd -s -m -u -dynamic -n fxp0                &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# see &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#nat" class="xref"&gt;NAT&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="cmt"&gt;gateA&gt;#&lt;/span&gt; sysctl net.inet.ip.fw.enable=1&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h3&gt;Configure gateA&lt;/h3&gt; Commands executed on gateA: &lt;h4&gt;gateA is on Linux&lt;/h4&gt; &lt;pre&gt;&lt;span class="cmt"&gt;gateA&gt;#&lt;/span&gt; ifconfig tun5 10.0.1.2 netmask 255.255.255.252&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="cmt"&gt;gateA&gt;#&lt;/span&gt; route add -net 192.168.16.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 dev tun5&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="cmt"&gt;gateA&gt;#&lt;/span&gt; echo 1 &gt; /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="cmt"&gt;gateA&gt;#&lt;/span&gt; iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h4&gt;gateA is on FreeBSD&lt;/h4&gt; &lt;pre&gt;&lt;span class="cmt"&gt;gateA&gt;#&lt;/span&gt; ifconfig tun5 10.0.1.2 10.0.1.1&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="cmt"&gt;gateA&gt;#&lt;/span&gt; route add 192.168.16.0/24 10.0.1.2&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="cmt"&gt;gateA&gt;#&lt;/span&gt; sysctl net.inet.ip.forwarding=1&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="cmt"&gt;gateA&gt;#&lt;/span&gt; natd -s -m -u -dynamic -n fxp0                &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# see &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#nat" class="xref"&gt;NAT&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="cmt"&gt;gateA&gt;#&lt;/span&gt; sysctl net.inet.ip.fw.enable=1&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; The two private networks are now transparently connected via the SSH VPN. The IP forward and NAT settings are only necessary if the gates are not the default gateways. In this case the clients would not know where to forward the response, and nat must be activated.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div id="rsync"&gt; &lt;h1&gt;&lt;a&gt;RSYNC&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h1&gt; Rsync can almost completely replace cp and scp, furthermore interrupted transfers are efficiently restarted. A trailing slash (and the absence thereof) has different meanings, the man page is good... Here some examples:&lt;br /&gt;Copy the directories with full content: &lt;pre&gt;# rsync -a /home/colin/ /backup/colin/&lt;br /&gt;# rsync -a /var/ /var_bak/&lt;br /&gt;# rsync -aR --delete-during /home/user/ /backup/      &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# use relative (see below)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; Same as before but over the network and with compression. Rsync uses SSH for the transport per default and will use the ssh key if they are set. Use ":" as with SCP. A typical remote copy: &lt;pre&gt;# rsync -axSRzv /home/user/ user@server:/backup/user/&lt;/pre&gt;Exclude any directory tmp within /home/user/ and keep the relative folders hierarchy, that is the remote directory will have the structure /backup/home/user/. This is typically used for backups. &lt;pre&gt;# rsync -azR --exclude /tmp/ /home/user/ user@server:/backup/&lt;/pre&gt; Use port 20022 for the ssh connection: &lt;pre&gt;# rsync -az -e 'ssh -p 20022' /home/colin/ user@server:/backup/colin/&lt;/pre&gt;Using the rsync daemon (used with "::") is much faster, but not encrypted over ssh. The location of /backup is defined by the configuration in /etc/rsyncd.conf. The variable RSYNC_PASSWORD can be set to avoid the need to enter the password manually. &lt;pre&gt;# rsync -axSRz /home/ ruser@hostname::rmodule/backup/&lt;br /&gt;# rsync -axSRz ruser@hostname::rmodule/backup/ /home/    &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# To copy back&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; Some important options: &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;-a, --archive&lt;/code&gt;       archive mode; same as -rlptgoD (no -H)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;-r, --recursive&lt;/code&gt;       recurse into directories&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;-R, --relative&lt;/code&gt;       use relative path names&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;-H, --hard-links&lt;/code&gt;       preserve hard links&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;-S, --sparse&lt;/code&gt;       handle sparse files efficiently&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;-x, --one-file-system&lt;/code&gt;       don't cross file system boundaries&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt; --exclude=PATTERN&lt;/code&gt;       exclude files matching PATTERN&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt; --delete-during&lt;/code&gt;       receiver deletes during xfer, not before&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt; --delete-after&lt;/code&gt;       receiver deletes after transfer, not before&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 id="winrsync"&gt;Rsync on Windows&lt;/h2&gt; Rsync is available for Windows through cygwin or as stand-alone packaged in &lt;a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/sereds/"&gt;cwrsync&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="fn"&gt;http://sourceforge.net/projects/sereds&lt;/span&gt;. This is very convenient for automated backups. Install one of them (&lt;i&gt;not both&lt;/i&gt;) and add the path to the Windows system variables: # Control Panel -&gt; System -&gt; tab Advanced, button Environment Variables. Edit the "Path" system variable and add the full path to the installed rsync, e.g. C:\Program Files\cwRsync\bin or C:\cygwin\bin. This way the commands &lt;code&gt;rsync&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;ssh&lt;/code&gt; are available in a Windows command shell. &lt;h3&gt;Public key authentication&lt;/h3&gt; Rsync is automatically tunneled over SSH and thus uses the SSH authentication on the server. Automatic backups have to avoid a user interaction, for this the SSH public key authentication can be used and the rsync command will run without a password.&lt;br /&gt;All the following commands are executed within a Windows console. In a console (Start -&gt; Run -&gt; cmd) create and upload the key as described in &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#ssh"&gt;SSH&lt;/a&gt;, change "user" and "server" as appropriate. If the file authorized_keys2 does not exist yet, simply copy id_dsa.pub to authorized_keys2 and upload it. &lt;pre&gt;# ssh-keygen -t dsa -N ''                   &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Creates a public and a private key&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# rsync user@server:.ssh/authorized_keys2 . &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Copy the file locally from the server&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# cat id_dsa.pub &gt;&gt; authorized_keys2        &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Or use an editor to add the key&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# rsync authorized_keys2 user@server:.ssh/  &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Copy the file back to the server&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# del authorized_keys2                      &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Remove the local copy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; Now test it with (in one line): &lt;pre&gt;rsync -rv "/cygdrive/c/Documents and Settings/%USERNAME%/My Documents/" \&lt;br /&gt;'user@server:My\ Documents/'&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h3&gt;Automatic backup&lt;/h3&gt;Use a batch file to automate the backup and add the file in the scheduled tasks (Programs -&gt; Accessories -&gt; System Tools -&gt; Scheduled Tasks). For example create the file backup.bat and replace user@server. &lt;pre&gt;@ECHO OFF&lt;br /&gt;REM rsync the directory My Documents&lt;br /&gt;SETLOCAL&lt;br /&gt;SET CWRSYNCHOME=C:\PROGRAM FILES\CWRSYNC&lt;br /&gt;SET CYGWIN=nontsec&lt;br /&gt;SET CWOLDPATH=%PATH%&lt;br /&gt;REM uncomment the next line when using cygwin&lt;br /&gt;SET PATH=%CWRSYNCHOME%\BIN;%PATH%&lt;br /&gt;echo Press Control-C to abort&lt;br /&gt;rsync -av "/cygdrive/c/Documents and Settings/%USERNAME%/My Documents/" \&lt;br /&gt;'user@server:My\ Documents/'&lt;br /&gt;pause&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div id="sudo"&gt; &lt;h1&gt;&lt;a&gt;SUDO&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;Sudo is a standard way to give users some administrative rights without giving out the root password. Sudo is very useful in a multi user environment with a mix of server and workstations. Simply call the command with sudo: &lt;pre&gt;# sudo /etc/init.d/dhcpd restart            &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Run the rc script as root&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# sudo -u sysadmin whoami                   &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Run cmd as an other user&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h2&gt;Configuration&lt;/h2&gt; Sudo is configured in &lt;code&gt;/etc/sudoers&lt;/code&gt; and must only be edited with &lt;code&gt;visudo&lt;/code&gt;. The basic syntax is (the lists are comma separated): &lt;pre&gt;user hosts = (runas) commands          &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# In /etc/sudoers&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;users&lt;/code&gt; one or more users or %group (like %wheel) to gain the rights&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;hosts&lt;/code&gt; list of hosts (or ALL)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;runas&lt;/code&gt; list of users (or ALL) that the command rule can be run as. It is enclosed in ( )!&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;commands&lt;/code&gt; list of commands (or ALL) that will be run as root or as (runas)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;Additionally those keywords can be defined as alias, they are called User_Alias, Host_Alias, Runas_Alias and Cmnd_Alias. This is useful for larger setups. Here a sudoers example: &lt;pre&gt;# cat /etc/sudoers&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Host aliases are subnets or hostnames.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Host_Alias   DMZ     = 212.118.81.40/28&lt;br /&gt;Host_Alias   DESKTOP = work1, work2&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# User aliases are a list of users which can have the same rights&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;User_Alias   ADMINS  = colin, luca, admin&lt;br /&gt;User_Alias   DEVEL   = joe, jack, julia&lt;br /&gt;Runas_Alias  DBA     = oracle,pgsql&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Command aliases define the full path of a list of commands&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cmnd_Alias   SYSTEM  = /sbin/reboot,/usr/bin/kill,/sbin/halt,/sbin/shutdown,/etc/init.d/&lt;br /&gt;Cmnd_Alias   PW      = /usr/bin/passwd [A-z]*, !/usr/bin/passwd root &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Not root pwd!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cmnd_Alias   DEBUG   = /usr/sbin/tcpdump,/usr/bin/wireshark,/usr/bin/nmap&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;pre&gt;&lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# The actual rules&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;root,ADMINS  ALL     = (ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL    &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# ADMINS can do anything w/o a password.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;DEVEL        DESKTOP = (ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL    &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Developers have full right on desktops&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;DEVEL        DMZ     = (ALL) NOPASSWD: DEBUG  &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Developers can debug the DMZ servers.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# User sysadmin can mess around in the DMZ servers with some commands.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;sysadmin     DMZ     = (ALL) NOPASSWD: SYSTEM,PW,DEBUG&lt;br /&gt;sysadmin     ALL,!DMZ = (ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL   &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Can do anything outside the DMZ.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;%dba         ALL     = (DBA) ALL              &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Group dba can run as database user.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# anyone can mount/unmount a cd-rom on the desktop machines&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ALL          DESKTOP = NOPASSWD: /sbin/mount /cdrom,/sbin/umount /cdrom&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div id="crypt"&gt; &lt;h1&gt;&lt;a&gt;Encrypt Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h1&gt; &lt;h2&gt;A single file&lt;/h2&gt; Encrypt and decrypt: &lt;pre&gt;# openssl des -salt -in file -out file.des&lt;br /&gt;# openssl des -d -salt -in file.des -out file&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; Note that the file can of course be a tar archive. &lt;h2&gt;tar and encrypt a whole directory&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;pre&gt;# tar -cf - directory | openssl des -salt -out directory.tar.des      &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Encrypt&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# openssl des -d -salt -in directory.tar.des | tar -x                 &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Decrypt&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h2&gt;tar zip and encrypt a whole directory&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;pre&gt;# tar -zcf - directory | openssl des -salt -out directory.tar.gz.des  &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Encrypt&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# openssl des -d -salt -in directory.tar.gz.des | tar -xz             &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Decrypt&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Use -k mysecretpassword after des to avoid the interactive password request. However note that this is highly insecure.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Use &lt;strong&gt;des3&lt;/strong&gt; instead of &lt;strong&gt;des&lt;/strong&gt; to get even stronger encryption (Triple-DES Cipher). This uses also more CPU.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div id="cryptpart"&gt; &lt;h1&gt;&lt;a&gt;Encrypt Partitions&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h1&gt; &lt;p class="xrefp"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#wluks" class="xrefp"&gt;Linux with LUKS&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#woluks" class="xrefp"&gt;Linux dm-crypt only&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#bsdgeli" class="xrefp"&gt;FreeBSD GELI&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#bsdpwd" class="xrefp"&gt;FBSD pwd only&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;There are (many) other alternative methods to encrypt disks, I only show here the methods I know and use. Keep in mind that the security is only good as long the OS has not been tempered with. An intruder could easily record the password from the keyboard events. Furthermore the data is freely accessible when the partition is &lt;i&gt;attached&lt;/i&gt; and will not prevent an intruder to have access to it in this state. &lt;h2 id="dm-crypt"&gt;Linux&lt;/h2&gt; Those instructions use the Linux &lt;code&gt;dm-crypt&lt;/code&gt; (device-mapper) facility available on the 2.6 kernel. In this example, lets encrypt the partition &lt;code&gt;/dev/sdc1&lt;/code&gt;, it could be however any other partition or disk, or USB or a file based partition created with &lt;code&gt;losetup&lt;/code&gt;. In this case we would use &lt;code&gt;/dev/loop0&lt;/code&gt;. See &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#losetup"&gt;file image partition&lt;/a&gt;. The device mapper uses labels to identify a partition. We use &lt;code&gt;sdc1&lt;/code&gt; in this example, but it could be any string. &lt;h3 id="wluks"&gt;dm-crypt with LUKS&lt;/h3&gt; LUKS with dm-crypt has better encryption and makes it possible to have multiple passphrase for the same partition or to change the password easily. To test if LUKS is available, simply type &lt;code&gt;# cryptsetup --help&lt;/code&gt;, if nothing about LUKS shows up, use the instructions below &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#woluks"&gt;Without LUKS&lt;/a&gt;. First create a partition if necessary: &lt;code&gt;fdisk /dev/sdc&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;h4&gt;Create encrypted partition&lt;/h4&gt; &lt;pre&gt;# dd if=/dev/urandom of=/dev/sdc1          &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Optional. For paranoids only (takes days)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# cryptsetup -y luksFormat /dev/sdc1       &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# This destroys any data on sdc1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sdc1 sdc1&lt;br /&gt;# mkfs.ext3 /dev/mapper/sdc1               &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# create ext3 file system&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# mount -t ext3 /dev/mapper/sdc1 /mnt&lt;br /&gt;# umount /mnt&lt;br /&gt;# cryptsetup luksClose sdc1                &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Detach the encrypted partition&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h4&gt;Attach&lt;/h4&gt; &lt;pre&gt;# cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sdc1 sdc1&lt;br /&gt;# mount -t ext3 /dev/mapper/sdc1 /mnt&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h4&gt;Detach&lt;/h4&gt; &lt;pre&gt;# umount /mnt&lt;br /&gt;# cryptsetup luksClose sdc1&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h3 id="woluks"&gt;dm-crypt without LUKS&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;pre&gt;# cryptsetup -y create sdc1 /dev/sdc1      &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# or any other partition like /dev/loop0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# dmsetup ls                               &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# check it, will display: sdc1 (254, 0)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# mkfs.ext3 /dev/mapper/sdc1               &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# This is done only the first time!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# mount -t ext3 /dev/mapper/sdc1 /mnt&lt;br /&gt;# umount /mnt/&lt;br /&gt;# cryptsetup remove sdc1                   &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Detach the encrypted partition&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; Do exactly the same (without the mkfs part!) to re-attach the partition. If the password is not correct, the mount command will fail. In this case simply remove the map sdc1 (&lt;code&gt;cryptsetup remove sdc1&lt;/code&gt;) and create it again. &lt;h2 id="bsdgeli"&gt;FreeBSD&lt;/h2&gt; The two popular FreeBSD disk encryption modules are &lt;code&gt;gbde&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;geli&lt;/code&gt;. I now use geli because it is faster and also uses the crypto device for hardware acceleration. See The &lt;a href="http://www.freebsd.org/handbook/disks-encrypting.html"&gt;FreeBSD handbook Chapter 18.6&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="fn"&gt;http://www.freebsd.org/handbook/disks-encrypting.html&lt;/span&gt; for all the details. The geli module must be loaded or compiled into the kernel: &lt;pre&gt;options GEOM_ELI&lt;br /&gt;device crypto                                       &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# or as module:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# echo 'geom_eli_load="YES"' &gt;&gt; /boot/loader.conf   &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# or do: kldload geom_eli&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h3&gt;Use password and key&lt;/h3&gt; I use those settings for a typical disk encryption, it uses a passphrase AND a key to encrypt the master key. That is you need both the password and the generated key &lt;code&gt;/root/ad1.key&lt;/code&gt; to attach the partition. The master key is stored inside the partition and is not visible. See below for typical USB or file based image. &lt;h4&gt;Create encrypted partition&lt;/h4&gt; &lt;pre&gt;# dd if=/dev/random of=/root/ad1.key bs=64 count=1  &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# this key encrypts the mater key&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# geli init -s 4096 -K /root/ad1.key /dev/ad1       &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# -s 8192 is also OK for disks&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# geli attach -k /root/ad1.key /dev/ad1             &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# DO make a backup of /root/ad1.key&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# dd if=/dev/random of=/dev/ad1.eli bs=1m           &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Optional and takes a long time&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# newfs /dev/ad1.eli                                &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Create file system&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# mount /dev/ad1.eli /mnt&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h4&gt;Attach&lt;/h4&gt; &lt;pre&gt;# geli attach -k /root/ad1.key /dev/ad1&lt;br /&gt;# fsck -ny -t ffs /dev/ad1.eli                      &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# In doubt check the file system&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# mount /dev/ad1.eli /mnt&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h4&gt;Detach&lt;/h4&gt; The detach procedure is done automatically on shutdown. &lt;pre&gt;# umount /mnt&lt;br /&gt;# geli detach /dev/ad1.eli&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h4&gt;/etc/fstab&lt;/h4&gt;The encrypted partition can be configured to be mounted with /etc/fstab. The password will be prompted when booting. The following settings are required for this example: &lt;pre&gt;# grep geli /etc/rc.conf&lt;br /&gt;geli_devices="ad1"&lt;br /&gt;geli_ad1_flags="-k /root/ad1.key"&lt;br /&gt;# grep geli /etc/fstab&lt;br /&gt;/dev/ad1.eli         /home/private              ufs             rw      0       0&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h3 id="bsdpwd"&gt;Use password only&lt;/h3&gt;It is more convenient to encrypt a USB stick or file based image with a passphrase only and no key. In this case it is not necessary to carry the additional key file around. The procedure is very much the same as above, simply without the key file. Let's encrypt a file based image &lt;code&gt;/cryptedfile&lt;/code&gt; of 1 GB. &lt;pre&gt;# dd if=/dev/zero of=/cryptedfile bs=1M count=1000  &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# 1 GB file&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# mdconfig -at vnode -f /cryptedfile&lt;br /&gt;# geli init /dev/md0                                &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# encrypts with password only&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# geli attach /dev/md0&lt;br /&gt;# newfs -U -m 0 /dev/md0.eli&lt;br /&gt;# mount /dev/md0.eli /mnt&lt;br /&gt;# umount /dev/md0.eli&lt;br /&gt;# geli detach md0.eli&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; It is now possible to mount this image on an other system with the password only. &lt;pre&gt;# mdconfig -at vnode -f /cryptedfile&lt;br /&gt;# geli attach /dev/md0&lt;br /&gt;# mount /dev/md0.eli /mnt&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div id="certs"&gt; &lt;h1&gt;&lt;a&gt;SSL Certificates&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h1&gt; So called SSL/TLS certificates are cryptographic public key certificates and are composed of a public and a private key. The certificates are used to authenticate the endpoints and encrypt the data. They are used for example on a web server (https) or mail server (imaps). &lt;h2&gt;Procedure&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;We need a certificate authority to sign our certificate. This step is usually provided by a vendor like Thawte, Verisign, etc., however we can also create our own.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Create a certificate signing request. This request is like an unsigned certificate (the public part) and already contains all necessary information. The certificate request is normally sent to the authority vendor for signing. This step also creates the private key on the local machine.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Sign the certificate with the certificate authority.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;If necessary join the certificate and the key in a single file to be used by the application (web server, mail server etc.).&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2&gt;Configure OpenSSL&lt;/h2&gt; We use /usr/local/certs as directory for this example check or edit /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf accordingly to your settings so you know where the files will be created. Here are the relevant part of openssl.cnf: &lt;pre&gt;[ CA_default ]&lt;br /&gt;dir             = /usr/local/certs/CA       &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Where everything is kept&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;certs           = $dir/certs                &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Where the issued certs are kept&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;crl_dir         = $dir/crl                  &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Where the issued crl are kept&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;database        = $dir/index.txt            &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# database index file.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; Make sure the directories exist or create them &lt;pre&gt;# mkdir -p /usr/local/certs/CA&lt;br /&gt;# cd /usr/local/certs/CA&lt;br /&gt;# mkdir certs crl newcerts private&lt;br /&gt;# echo "01" &gt; serial                        &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Only if serial does not exist&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# touch index.txt&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h2 id="createca"&gt;Create a certificate authority&lt;/h2&gt;If you do not have a certificate authority from a vendor, you'll have to create your own. This step is not necessary if one intend to use a vendor to sign the request. To make a certificate authority (CA): &lt;pre&gt;# openssl req -new -x509 -days 730 -config /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf \&lt;br /&gt;-keyout CA/private/cakey.pem -out CA/cacert.pem&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h2 id="createreq"&gt;Create a certificate signing request&lt;/h2&gt;To make a new certificate (for mail server or web server for example), first create a request certificate with its private key. If your application do not support encrypted private key (for example UW-IMAP does not), then disable encryption with &lt;code&gt;-nodes&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;pre&gt;# openssl req -new -keyout newkey.pem -out newreq.pem \&lt;br /&gt;-config /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf&lt;br /&gt;# openssl req -nodes -new -keyout newkey.pem -out newreq.pem \&lt;br /&gt;-config /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf                &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# No encryption for the key&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h2 id="signcert"&gt;Sign the certificate&lt;/h2&gt; The certificate request has to be signed by the CA to be valid, this step is usually done by the vendor. &lt;i&gt;Note: replace "servername" with the name of your server in the next commands&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;pre&gt;# cat newreq.pem newkey.pem &gt; new.pem&lt;br /&gt;# openssl ca -policy policy_anything -out servernamecert.pem \&lt;br /&gt;-config /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf -infiles new.pem&lt;br /&gt;# mv newkey.pem servernamekey.pem&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; Now servernamekey.pem is the private key and servernamecert.pem is the server certificate. &lt;h2&gt;Create united certificate&lt;/h2&gt; The IMAP server wants to have both private key and server certificate in the same file. And in general, this is also easier to handle, but the file has to be kept securely!. Apache also can deal with it well. Create a file servername.pem containing both the certificate and key. &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Open the private key (servernamekey.pem) with a text editor and copy the private key into the "servername.pem" file.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Do the same with the server certificate (servernamecert.pem).&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; The final servername.pem file should look like this:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;pre&gt;-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----&lt;br /&gt;MIICXQIBAAKBgQDutWy+o/XZ/[...]qK5LqQgT3c9dU6fcR+WuSs6aejdEDDqBRQ&lt;br /&gt;-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----&lt;br /&gt;-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----&lt;br /&gt;MIIERzCCA7CgAwIBAgIBBDANB[...]iG9w0BAQQFADCBxTELMAkGA1UEBhMCREUx&lt;br /&gt;-----END CERTIFICATE-----&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; What we have now in the directory /usr/local/certs/: &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;CA/private/cakey.pem &lt;i&gt;(CA server private key)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;CA/cacert.pem &lt;i&gt;(CA server public key)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;certs/servernamekey.pem &lt;i&gt;(server private key)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;certs/servernamecert.pem &lt;i&gt;(server signed certificate)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;certs/servername.pem &lt;i&gt;(server certificate with private key)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; Keep the private key secure! &lt;h2 id="viewcert"&gt;View certificate information&lt;/h2&gt; To view the certificate information simply do: &lt;pre&gt;# openssl x509 -text -in servernamecert.pem      &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# View the certificate info&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# openssl req -noout -text -in server.csr        &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# View the request info&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div id="cvs"&gt; &lt;h1&gt;&lt;a&gt;CVS&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h1&gt; &lt;p class="xrefp"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#cvssetup" class="xrefp"&gt;Server setup&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#cvstest" class="xrefp"&gt;CVS test&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#cvsssh" class="xrefp"&gt;SSH tunneling&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#cvsusage" class="xrefp"&gt;CVS usage&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;h2 id="cvssetup"&gt;Server setup&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;h3&gt;Initiate the CVS&lt;/h3&gt; Decide where the main repository will rest and create a root cvs. For example /usr/local/cvs (as root): &lt;pre&gt;# mkdir -p /usr/local/cvs&lt;br /&gt;# setenv CVSROOT /usr/local/cvs      &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Set CVSROOT to the new location (local)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# cvs init                           &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Creates all internal CVS config files&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# cd /root&lt;br /&gt;# cvs checkout CVSROOT               &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Checkout the config files to modify them&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# cd CVSROOT&lt;br /&gt;edit config ( fine as it is)&lt;br /&gt;# cvs commit config&lt;br /&gt;cat &gt;&gt; writers                       &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Create a writers file (optionally also readers)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;colin&lt;br /&gt;^D                                   &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Use [Control][D] to quit the edit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# cvs add writers                    &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Add the file writers into the repository&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# cvs edit checkoutlist&lt;br /&gt;# cat &gt;&gt; checkoutlist&lt;br /&gt;writers&lt;br /&gt;^D                                   &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Use [Control][D] to quit the edit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# cvs commit                         &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Commit all the configuration changes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; Add a &lt;strong&gt;readers&lt;/strong&gt; file if you want to differentiate read and write permissions &lt;i&gt;Note:&lt;/i&gt; Do not (ever) edit files directly into the main cvs, but rather checkout the file, modify it and check it in. We did this with the file &lt;strong&gt;writers&lt;/strong&gt; to define the write access.&lt;br /&gt;There are three popular ways to access the CVS at this point. The first two don't need any further configuration. See the examples on &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#cvsroot"&gt;CVSROOT&lt;/a&gt; below for how to use them: &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Direct local access to the file system. The user(s) need sufficient file permission to access the CS directly and there is no further authentication in addition to the OS login. However this is only useful if the repository is local.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Remote access with ssh with the ext protocol. Any use with an ssh shell account and read/write permissions on the CVS server can access the CVS directly with ext over ssh without any additional tunnel. There is no server process running on the CVS for this to work. The ssh login does the authentication.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Remote access with pserver. This is the preferred use for larger user base as the users are authenticated by the CVS pserver with a dedicated password database, there is therefore no need for local users accounts. This setup is explained below.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h3&gt;Network setup with inetd&lt;/h3&gt; The CVS can be run locally only if a network access is not needed. For a remote access, the daemon inetd can start the pserver with the following line in /etc/inetd.conf (/etc/xinetd.d/cvs on SuSE): &lt;pre&gt;cvspserver stream  tcp  nowait  cvs  /usr/bin/cvs cvs \&lt;br /&gt;--allow-root=/usr/local/cvs pserver&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;It is a good idea to block the cvs port from the Internet with the firewall and use an ssh tunnel to access the repository remotely. &lt;h3&gt;Separate authentication&lt;/h3&gt;It is possible to have cvs users which are not part of the OS (no local users). This is actually probably wanted too from the security point of view. Simply add a file named &lt;strong&gt;passwd&lt;/strong&gt; (in the CVSROOT directory) containing the users login and password in the crypt format. This is can be done with the apache htpasswd tool.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;Note:&lt;/i&gt; This passwd file is the only file which has to be edited directly in the CVSROOT directory. Also it won't be checked out. More info with htpasswd --help &lt;pre&gt;# htpasswd -cb passwd user1 password1  &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# -c creates the file&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# htpasswd -b passwd user2 password2&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; Now add &lt;code&gt;:cvs&lt;/code&gt; at the end of each line to tell the cvs server to change the user to cvs (or whatever your cvs server is running under). It looks like this: &lt;pre&gt;# cat passwd&lt;br /&gt;user1:xsFjhU22u8Fuo:cvs&lt;br /&gt;user2:vnefJOsnnvToM:cvs&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h2 id="cvstest"&gt;Test it&lt;/h2&gt; Test the login as normal user (for example here me) &lt;pre&gt;# cvs -d :pserver:colin@192.168.50.254:/usr/local/cvs login&lt;br /&gt;Logging in to :pserver:colin@192.168.50.254:2401/usr/local/cvs&lt;br /&gt;CVS password:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h3 id="cvsroot"&gt;CVSROOT variable&lt;/h3&gt;This is an environment variable used to specify the location of the repository we're doing operations on. For local use, it can be just set to the directory of the repository. For use over the network, the transport protocol must be specified. Set the CVSROOT variable with &lt;code&gt;setenv CVSROOT string&lt;/code&gt; on a csh, tcsh shell, or with &lt;code&gt;export CVSROOT=string&lt;/code&gt; on a sh, bash shell. &lt;pre&gt;# setenv CVSROOT :pserver:&lt;username&gt;@&lt;host&gt;:/cvsdirectory&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="cmt"&gt;For example:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# setenv CVSROOT /usr/local/cvs                               &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Used locally only&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# setenv CVSROOT :local:/usr/local/cvs                        &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Same as above&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# setenv CVSROOT :ext:user@cvsserver:/usr/local/cvs           &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Direct access with SSH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# setenv CVS_RSH ssh                                          &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# for the ext access&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# setenv CVSROOT :pserver:user@cvsserver.254:/usr/local/cvs   &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# network with pserver&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; When the login succeeded one can import a new project into the repository: &lt;strong&gt;cd into&lt;/strong&gt; your project root directory &lt;pre&gt;cvs import &lt;module&gt; &lt;vendor&gt; &lt;initial&gt;&lt;br /&gt;cvs -d :pserver:colin@192.168.50.254:/usr/local/cvs import MyProject MyCompany START&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; Where MyProject is the name of the new project in the repository (used later to checkout). Cvs will import the current directory content into the new project.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To checkout: &lt;pre&gt;# cvs -d :pserver:colin@192.168.50.254:/usr/local/cvs checkout MyProject&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="cmt"&gt;or&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# setenv CVSROOT :pserver:colin@192.168.50.254:/usr/local/cvs&lt;br /&gt;# cvs checkout MyProject&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h2 id="cvsssh"&gt;SSH tunneling for CVS&lt;/h2&gt; We need 2 shells for this. On the first shell we connect to the cvs server with ssh and port-forward the cvs connection. On the second shell we use the cvs normally as if it where running locally.&lt;br /&gt;on shell 1: &lt;pre&gt;# ssh -L2401:localhost:2401 colin@cvs_server   &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Connect directly to the CVS server. Or:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# ssh -L2401:cvs_server:2401 colin@gateway     &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Use a gateway to reach the CVS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; on shell 2: &lt;pre&gt;# setenv CVSROOT :pserver:colin@localhost:/usr/local/cvs&lt;br /&gt;# cvs login&lt;br /&gt;Logging in to :pserver:colin@localhost:2401/usr/local/cvs&lt;br /&gt;CVS password:&lt;br /&gt;# cvs checkout MyProject/src&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h2 id="cvsusage"&gt;CVS commands and usage&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;h3&gt;Import&lt;/h3&gt; The import command is used to add a whole directory, it must be run from within the directory to be imported. Say the directory /devel/ contains all files and subdirectories to be imported. The directory name on the CVS (the module) will be called "myapp". &lt;pre&gt;# cvs import [options] directory-name vendor-tag release-tag&lt;br /&gt;# cd /devel                          &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Must be inside the project to import it&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# cvs import myapp Company R1_0      &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Release tag can be anything in one word&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; After a while a new directory "/devel/tools/" was added and it has to be imported too. &lt;pre&gt;# cd /devel/tools&lt;br /&gt;# cvs import myapp/tools Company R1_0&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h3&gt;Checkout update add commit&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;pre&gt;# cvs co myapp/tools                 &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Will only checkout the directory tools&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# cvs co -r R1_1 myapp               &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Checkout myapp at release R1_1 (is sticky)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# cvs -q -d update -P                &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# A typical CVS update&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# cvs update -A                      &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Reset any sticky tag (or date, option)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# cvs add newfile                    &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Add a new file&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# cvs add -kb newfile                &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Add a new binary file&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# cvs commit file1 file2             &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Commit the two files only&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# cvs commit -m "message"            &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Commit all changes done with a message&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h3&gt;Create a patch&lt;/h3&gt;It is best to create and apply a patch from the working development directory related to the project, or from within the source directory. &lt;pre&gt;# cd /devel/project&lt;br /&gt;# diff -Naur olddir newdir &gt; patchfile &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Create a patch from a directory or a file&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# diff -Naur oldfile newfile &gt; patchfile&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h3&gt;Apply a patch&lt;/h3&gt;Sometimes it is necessary to strip a directory level from the patch, depending how it was created. In case of difficulties, simply look at the first lines of the patch and try -p0, -p1 or -p2. &lt;pre&gt;# cd /devel/project&lt;br /&gt;# patch --dry-run -p0 &lt; class="cmt"&gt;# Test the path without applying it&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# patch -p0 &lt; patchfile&lt;br /&gt;# patch -p1 &lt; class="cmt"&gt;# strip off the 1st level from the path&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div id="svn"&gt; &lt;h1&gt;&lt;a&gt;SVN&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h1&gt; &lt;p class="xrefp"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#svnsetup" class="xrefp"&gt;Server setup&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#svnssh" class="xrefp"&gt;SVN+SSH&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#svnhttp" class="xrefp"&gt;SVN over http&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#svnusage" class="xrefp"&gt;SVN usage&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;a href="http://subversion.tigris.org/"&gt;Subversion (SVN)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="fn"&gt;http://subversion.tigris.org/&lt;/span&gt; is a version control system designed to be the successor of CVS (Concurrent Versions System). The concept is similar to CVS, but many shortcomings where improved. See also the &lt;a href="http://svnbook.red-bean.com/en/1.4/"&gt;SVN book&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="fn"&gt;http://svnbook.red-bean.com/en/1.4/&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;h2 id="svnsetup"&gt;Server setup&lt;/h2&gt; The initiation of the repository is fairly simple (here for example &lt;code&gt;/home/svn/&lt;/code&gt; must exist): &lt;pre&gt;# svnadmin create --fs-type fsfs /home/svn/project1&lt;/pre&gt; Now the access to the repository is made possible with: &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;file://&lt;/code&gt; Direct file system access with the svn client with. This requires local permissions on the file system.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;svn://&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;svn+ssh://&lt;/code&gt; Remote access with the svnserve server (also over SSH). This requires local permissions on the file system.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;http://&lt;/code&gt; Remote access with webdav using apache. No local users are necessary for this method.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; Using the local file system, it is now possible to import and then check out an existing project. Unlike with CVS it is not necessary to cd into the project directory, simply give the full path: &lt;pre&gt;# svn import /project1/ &lt;a href="http://home/svn/project1/trunk" title="///home/svn/project1/trunk"&gt;file:///home/svn/project1/trunk&lt;/a&gt; -m 'Initial import'&lt;br /&gt;# svn checkout &lt;a href="http://home/svn/project1" title="///home/svn/project1"&gt;file:///home/svn/project1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; The new directory "trunk" is only a convention, this is not required. &lt;h3 id="svnssh"&gt;Remote access with ssh&lt;/h3&gt; No special setup is required to access the repository via ssh, simply replace &lt;code&gt;file://&lt;/code&gt; with &lt;code&gt;svn+ssh/hostname&lt;/code&gt;. For example: &lt;pre&gt;# svn checkout svn+ssh://hostname/home/svn/project1&lt;/pre&gt;As with the local file access, every user needs an ssh access to the server (with a local account) and also read/write access. This method might be suitable for a small group. All users could belong to a subversion group which owns the repository, for example: &lt;pre&gt;# groupadd subversion&lt;br /&gt;# groupmod -A user1 subversion&lt;br /&gt;# chown -R root:subversion /home/svn&lt;br /&gt;# chmod -R 770 /home/svn&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h3 id="svnhttp"&gt;Remote access with http (apache)&lt;/h3&gt;Remote access over http (https) is the only good solution for a larger user group. This method uses the apache authentication, not the local accounts. This is a typical but small apache configuration: &lt;pre&gt;LoadModule dav_module         modules/mod_dav.so&lt;br /&gt;LoadModule dav_svn_module     modules/mod_dav_svn.so&lt;br /&gt;LoadModule authz_svn_module   modules/mod_authz_svn.so   &lt;span class="cmt"&gt; # Only for access control&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;pre&gt;&lt;location&gt;&lt;br /&gt; DAV svn&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# any "/svn/foo" URL will map to a repository /home/svn/foo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; SVNParentPath /home/svn&lt;br /&gt; AuthType Basic&lt;br /&gt; AuthName "Subversion repository"&lt;br /&gt; AuthzSVNAccessFile /etc/apache2/svn.acl&lt;br /&gt; AuthUserFile /etc/apache2/svn-passwd&lt;br /&gt; Require valid-user&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/location&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; The apache server needs full access to the repository: &lt;pre&gt;# chown -R www:www /home/svn&lt;/pre&gt; Create a user with htpasswd2: &lt;pre&gt;# htpasswd -c /etc/svn-passwd user1 &lt;span class="cmt"&gt; # -c creates the file&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h4&gt;Access control svn.acl example&lt;/h4&gt; &lt;pre&gt;&lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Default it read access. "* =" would be default no access&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[/]&lt;br /&gt;* = r&lt;br /&gt;[groups]&lt;br /&gt;project1-developers = joe, jack, jane&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Give write access to the developers&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[project1:]&lt;br /&gt;@project1-developers = rw&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h2 id="svnusage"&gt;SVN commands and usage&lt;/h2&gt; See also the &lt;a href="http://www.cs.put.poznan.pl/csobaniec/Papers/svn-refcard.pdf" rel="nofollow"&gt;Subversion Quick Reference Card&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="fn"&gt;http://www.cs.put.poznan.pl/csobaniec/Papers/svn-refcard.pdf&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;a href="http://tortoisesvn.tigris.org/"&gt;Tortoise SVN&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="fn"&gt;http://tortoisesvn.tigris.org&lt;/span&gt; is a nice Windows interface. &lt;h3 id="svnimport"&gt;Import&lt;/h3&gt; A new project, that is a directory with some files, is imported into the repository with the &lt;code&gt;import&lt;/code&gt; command. Import is also used to add a directory with its content to an existing project. &lt;pre&gt;# svn help import                               &lt;span class="cmt"&gt; # Get help for any command&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="cmt"&gt;    # Add a new directory (with content) into the src dir on project1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# svn import /project1/newdir &lt;a href="http://host.url/svn/project1/trunk/src" title="http://host.url/svn/project1/trunk/src"&gt;http://host.url/svn/project1/trunk/src&lt;/a&gt; -m 'add newdir'&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h3 id="svntypical"&gt;Typical SVN commands&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;pre&gt;# svn co &lt;a href="http://host.url/svn/project1/trunk" title="http://host.url/svn/project1/trunk"&gt;http://host.url/svn/project1/trunk&lt;/a&gt;     &lt;span class="cmt"&gt; # Checkout the most recent version&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="cmt"&gt;    # Tags and branches are created by copying&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# svn mkdir &lt;a href="http://host.url/svn/project1/tags/" title="http://host.url/svn/project1/tags/"&gt;http://host.url/svn/project1/tags/&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;span class="cmt"&gt; # Create the tags directory&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# svn copy -m "Tag rc1 rel." &lt;a href="http://host.url/svn/project1/trunk" title="http://host.url/svn/project1/trunk"&gt;http://host.url/svn/project1/trunk&lt;/a&gt; \&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;a href="http://host.url/svn/project1/tags/1.0rc1" title="http://host.url/svn/project1/tags/1.0rc1"&gt;http://host.url/svn/project1/tags/1.0rc1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# svn status [--verbose]                        &lt;span class="cmt"&gt; # Check files status into working dir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# svn add src/file.h src/file.cpp               &lt;span class="cmt"&gt; # Add two files&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# svn commit -m 'Added new class file'          &lt;span class="cmt"&gt; # Commit the changes with a message&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# svn ls &lt;a href="http://host.url/svn/project1/tags/" title="http://host.url/svn/project1/tags/"&gt;http://host.url/svn/project1/tags/&lt;/a&gt;     &lt;span class="cmt"&gt; # List all tags&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# svn move foo.c bar.c                          &lt;span class="cmt"&gt; # Move (rename) files&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# svn delete some_old_file                      &lt;span class="cmt"&gt; # Delete files&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div id="other"&gt; &lt;h1&gt;&lt;a&gt;Useful Commands&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h1&gt; &lt;p class="xrefp"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#less" class="xrefp"&gt;less&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#vi" class="xrefp"&gt;vi&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#mail" class="xrefp"&gt;mail&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#tar" class="xrefp"&gt;tar&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#dd" class="xrefp"&gt;dd&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#screen" class="xrefp"&gt;screen&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#find" class="xrefp"&gt;find&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#misccmd" class="xrefp"&gt;Miscellaneous&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;h2 id="less"&gt;less&lt;/h2&gt; The &lt;code&gt;less&lt;/code&gt; command displays a text document on the console. It is present on most installation. &lt;pre&gt;# less unixtoolbox.xhtml&lt;/pre&gt; Some important commands are (^N stands for [control]-[N]): &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;h  H&lt;/strong&gt;       good help on display&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;f  ^F  ^V  SPACE&lt;/strong&gt;       Forward  one window (or N lines).&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;b  ^B  ESC-v&lt;/strong&gt;       Backward one window (or N lines).&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;F&lt;/strong&gt;       Forward forever; like "tail -f".&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;/pattern&lt;/strong&gt;       Search forward for (N-th) matching line.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;?pattern&lt;/strong&gt;       Search backward for (N-th) matching line.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;n&lt;/strong&gt;       Repeat previous search (for N-th occurrence).&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;N&lt;/strong&gt;       Repeat previous search in reverse direction.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;q&lt;/strong&gt;       quit&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 id="vi"&gt;vi&lt;/h2&gt;Vi is present on ANY Linux/Unix installation and it is therefore useful to know some basic commands. There are two modes: command mode and insertion mode. The commands mode is accessed with &lt;strong&gt;[ESC]&lt;/strong&gt;, the insertion mode with &lt;strong&gt;i&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;h3&gt;Quit&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;:w&lt;/strong&gt; newfilename       save the file to newfilename&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;:wq or :x&lt;/strong&gt;       save and quit&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;:q!&lt;/strong&gt;       quit without saving&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h3&gt;Search and move&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;/string&lt;/strong&gt;       Search forward for string&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;?string&lt;/strong&gt;       Search back for string&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;n&lt;/strong&gt;       Search for next instance of string&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;N&lt;/strong&gt;       Search for previous instance of string&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;{&lt;/strong&gt;       Move a paragraph back&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;}&lt;/strong&gt;       Move a paragraph forward&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1G&lt;/strong&gt;       Move to the first line of the file&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;nG&lt;/strong&gt;       Move to the n th line of the file&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;G&lt;/strong&gt;       Move to the last line of the file&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;:%s/OLD/NEW/g&lt;/strong&gt;       Search and replace every occurrence&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h3&gt;Delete text&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;dd&lt;/strong&gt;       delete current line&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;D&lt;/strong&gt;       Delete to the end of the line&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;dw&lt;/strong&gt;       Delete word&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;x&lt;/strong&gt;       Delete character&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;u&lt;/strong&gt;       Undo last&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;U&lt;/strong&gt;       Undo all changes to current line&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 id="mail"&gt;mail&lt;/h2&gt; The &lt;code&gt;mail&lt;/code&gt; command is a basic application to read and send email, it is usually installed. To send an email simply type "mail user@domain". The first line is the subject, then the mail content. Terminate and send the email with a single dot (.) in a new line. Example: &lt;pre&gt;# mail &lt;a href="mailto:c@cb.vu"&gt;c@cb.vu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Subject: Your text is full of typos&lt;br /&gt;"For a moment, nothing happened. Then, after a second or so,&lt;br /&gt;nothing continued to happen."&lt;br /&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;EOT&lt;br /&gt;#&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; This is also working with a pipe: &lt;pre&gt;# echo "This is the mail body" | mail c@cb.vu&lt;/pre&gt; This is also a simple way to test the mail server. &lt;h2 id="tar"&gt;tar&lt;/h2&gt; The command &lt;code&gt;tar&lt;/code&gt; (tape archive) creates and extracts archives of file and directories. The archive .tar is uncompressed, a compressed archive has the extension .tgz or .tar.gz (zip) or .tbz (bzip2). Do not use absolute path when creating an archive, you probably want to unpack it somewhere else. Some typical commands are: &lt;h3&gt;Create&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;pre&gt;# cd /&lt;br /&gt;# tar -cf home.tar home/        &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# archive the whole /home directory (c for create)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# tar -czf home.tgz home/       &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# same with zip compression&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# tar -cjf home.tbz home/       &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# same with bzip2 compression&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;Only include one (or two) directories from a tree, but keep the relative structure. For example archive /usr/local/etc and /usr/local/www and the first directory in the archive should be local/. &lt;pre&gt;# tar -C /usr -czf local.tgz local/etc local/www&lt;br /&gt;# tar -C /usr -xzf local.tgz    &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# To untar the local dir into /usr&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# cd /usr; tar -xzf local.tgz   &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Is the same as above&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h3&gt;Extract&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;pre&gt;# tar -tzf home.tgz             &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# look inside the archive without extracting (list)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# tar -xf home.tar              &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# extract the archive here (x for extract)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# tar -xzf home.tgz             &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# same with zip compression&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# tar -xjf home.tgz             &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# same with bzip2 compression&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# tar -xjf home.tgz home/colin/file.txt    &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Restore a single file&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h3&gt;More advanced&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;pre&gt;# tar c dir/ | gzip | ssh user@remote 'dd of=dir.tgz' &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# arch dir/ and store remotely.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# tar cvf - `find . -print` &gt; backup.tar              &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# arch the current directory.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# tar -cf - -C /etc . | tar xpf - -C /backup/etc      &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Copy directories&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# tar -cf - -C /etc . | ssh user@remote tar xpf - -C /backup/etc      &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Remote copy.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# tar -czf home.tgz --exclude '*.o' --exclude 'tmp/' home/&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h2 id="dd"&gt;dd&lt;/h2&gt; The program &lt;code&gt;dd&lt;/code&gt; (disk dump) is used to copy partitions and disks and for other copy tricks. Typical usage: &lt;pre&gt;# dd if=&lt;source&gt; of=&lt;target&gt; bs=&lt;byte&gt; conv=&lt;conversion&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; Important conv options: &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;notrunc&lt;/code&gt;       do not truncate the output file, all zeros will be written as zeros.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;noerror&lt;/code&gt;       continue after read errors (e.g. bad blocks)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;sync&lt;/code&gt;       pad every input block with Nulls to ibs-size&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;The default byte size is 512 (one block). The MBR, where the partiton table is located, is on the first block, the first 63 blocks of a disk are empty. Larger byte sizes are faster to copy but require also more memory. &lt;h3&gt;Backup and restore&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;pre&gt;# dd if=/dev/hda of=/dev/hdc bs=16065b                &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Copy disk to disk (same size)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# dd if=/dev/sda7 of /home/root.img bs=4096 conv=notrunc,noerror &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Backup /&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# dd if /home/root.img of=/dev/sda7 bs=4096 conv=notrunc,noerror &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Restore /&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# dd bs=1M if=/dev/ad4s3e | gzip -c &gt; ad4s3e.gz                  &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Zip the backup&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# gunzip -dc ad4s3e.gz | dd of=/dev/ad0s3e bs=1M                 &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Restore the zip&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# dd bs=1M if=/dev/ad4s3e | gzip | ssh eedcoba@fry 'dd of=ad4s3e.gz' &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# also remote&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# gunzip -dc ad4s3e.gz | ssh eedcoba@host 'dd of=/dev/ad0s3e bs=1M'&lt;br /&gt;# dd if=/dev/ad0 of=/dev/ad2 skip=1 seek=1 bs=4k conv=noerror    &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Skip MBR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# This is necessary if the destination (ad2) is smaller.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h3&gt;Recover&lt;/h3&gt; The command &lt;code&gt;dd&lt;/code&gt; will read &lt;i&gt;every single block&lt;/i&gt; of the partiton, even the blocks. In case of problems it is better to use the option &lt;code&gt;conv=sync,noerror&lt;/code&gt; so dd will skip the bad block and write zeros at the destination. Accordingly it is important to set the block size equal or smaller than the disk block size. A 1k size seems safe, set it with &lt;code&gt;bs=1k&lt;/code&gt;. If a disk has bad sectors and the data should be recovered from a partiton, create an image file with dd, mount the image and copy the content to a new disk. With the option &lt;code&gt;noerror&lt;/code&gt;, dd will skip the bad sectors and write zeros instead, thus only the data contained in the bad sectors will be lost. &lt;pre&gt;# dd if=/dev/hda of=/dev/null bs=1m                   &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Check for bad blocks&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# dd bs=1k if=/dev/hda1 conv=sync,noerror,notrunc | gzip | ssh \ &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Send to remote&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;root@fry 'dd of=hda1.gz bs=1k'&lt;br /&gt;# dd bs=1k if=/dev/hda1 conv=sync,noerror,notrunc of=hda1.img    &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Store into an image&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# mount -o loop /hda1.img /mnt                        &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# &lt;a href="http://www.thelinuxsociety.org.uk/content/unix-cheat-sheet#createimg" class="xref"&gt;Mount the image&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# rsync -ax /mnt/ /newdisk/                           &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Copy on a new disk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# dd if=/dev/hda of=/dev/hda                          &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Refresh the magnetic state&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# The above is useful to refresh a disk. It is perfectly safe, but must be unmounted.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h3&gt;Delete&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;pre&gt;# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/hdc count=1                 &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Delete MBR and partiton table&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/hdc                         &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Delete full disk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# dd if=/dev/urandom of=/dev/hdc                      &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Delete full disk better&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# kill -USR1 PID                                      &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# View dd progress (Linux only!)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h2 id="screen"&gt;screen&lt;/h2&gt; Screen has two main functionalities: &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Run multiple terminal session within a single terminal.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;A started program is decoupled from the real terminal and can thus run in the background. The real terminal can be closed and reattached later.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h3&gt;Short start example&lt;/h3&gt; start screen with: &lt;pre&gt;# screen&lt;/pre&gt; Within the screen session we can start a long lasting program (like top). Detach the terminal and reattach the same terminal from an other machine (over ssh for example). &lt;pre&gt;# top&lt;/pre&gt; Now detach with &lt;strong&gt;Ctrl-a Ctrl-d&lt;/strong&gt;. Reattach the terminal with &lt;pre&gt;# screen -r&lt;/pre&gt; or better: &lt;pre&gt;# screen -R -D&lt;/pre&gt;Attach here and now. In detail this means: If a session is running, then reattach. If necessary detach and logout remotely first. If it was not running create it and notify the user. &lt;h3&gt;Screen commands (within screen)&lt;/h3&gt; All screen commands start with &lt;strong&gt;Ctrl-a&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ctrl-a ?&lt;/strong&gt; help and summary of functions&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ctrl-a c&lt;/strong&gt; create an new window (terminal)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ctrl-a Ctrl-n and Ctrl-a Ctrl-p&lt;/strong&gt; to switch to the next or previous window in the list, by number.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ctrl-a Ctrl-N&lt;/strong&gt; where N is a number from 0 to 9, to switch to the corresponding window.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ctrl-a "&lt;/strong&gt; to get a navigable list of running windows&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ctrl-a a&lt;/strong&gt; to clear a missed Ctrl-a&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ctrl-a Ctrl-d&lt;/strong&gt; to disconnect and leave the session running in the background&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ctrl-a x&lt;/strong&gt; lock the screen terminal with a password&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; The screen session is terminated when the program within the running terminal is closed and you logout from the terminal. &lt;h2 id="find"&gt;Find&lt;/h2&gt; Some important options: &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;-x&lt;/code&gt; (on BSD) &lt;code&gt;-xdev&lt;/code&gt; (on Linux)       Stay on the same file system (dev in fstab).&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;-exec cmd {} \;&lt;/code&gt;       Execute the command and replace {} with the full path&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;-iname&lt;/code&gt;       Like -name but is case insensitive&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;-ls&lt;/code&gt;       Display information about the file (like ls -la)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;-size n&lt;/code&gt;       n is +-n (k M G T P)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;-cmin n&lt;/code&gt;       File's status was last changed n minutes ago.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;pre&gt;# find . -type f ! -perm -444        &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Find files not readable by all&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# find . -type d ! -perm -111        &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Find dirs not accessible by all&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# find /home/user/ -cmin 10 -print   &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Files created or modified in the last 10 min.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# find . -name '*.[ch]' | xargs grep -E 'expr' &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Search 'expr' in this dir and below.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# find / -name "*.core" | xargs rm   &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Find core dumps and delete them&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# find / -name "*.core" -print -exec rm {} \;  &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Other syntax&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# find . \( -name "*.png" -o -name "*.jpg" \) -print&lt;br /&gt;                                    &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# iname is not case sensitive&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# find . \( -iname "*.png" -o -iname "*.jpg" \) -print -exec tar -rf images.tar {} \;&lt;br /&gt;# find . -type f -name "*.txt" ! -name README.txt -print  &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Exclude README.txt files&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# find /var/ -size +1M -exec ls -lh {} \;&lt;br /&gt;# find /var/ -size +1M -ls           &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# This is simpler&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# find . -size +10M -size -50M -print&lt;br /&gt;# find /usr/ports/ -name work -type d -print -exec rm -rf {} \;  &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Clean the ports&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   Find files with SUID; those file have to be kept secure&lt;br /&gt;# find / -type f -user root -perm -4000 -exec ls -l {} \;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h2 id="misccmd"&gt;Miscellaneous&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;pre&gt;# which command                      &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Show full path name of command&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# time command                       &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# See how long a command takes to execute&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# time cat                           &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Use time as stopwatch. Ctrl-c to stop&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# set | grep $USER                   &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# List the current environment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# cal -3                             &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Display a three month calendar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# date [-u|--utc|--universal] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]&lt;br /&gt;# date 10022155                      &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Set date and time&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# whatis grep                        &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Display a short info on the command or word&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# whereis java                       &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Search path and standard directories for word&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# setenv varname value               &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Set env. variable varname to value (csh/tcsh)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# export varname="value"             &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# set env. variable varname to value (sh/ksh/bash)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# pwd                                &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Print working directory&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# mkdir -p /path/to/dir              &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# no error if existing, make parent dirs as needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# rmdir /path/to/dir                 &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Remove directory&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# rm -rf /path/to/dir                &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Remove directory and its content (force)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# cp -la /dir1 /dir2                 &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Archive and hard link files instead of copy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# cp -lpR /dir1 /dir2                &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Same for FreeBSD&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# mv /dir1 /dir2                     &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Rename a directory&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div id="software"&gt; &lt;h1&gt;&lt;a&gt;Install Software&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h1&gt; &lt;h2 id="softwarelist"&gt;List installed packages&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;pre&gt;# rpm -qa                            &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# List installed packages (RH, SuSE, RPM based)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# dpkg -l                            &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Debian, Ubuntu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# pkg_info                           &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# FreeBSD list all installed packages&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# pkg_info -W smbd                   &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# FreeBSD show which package smbd belongs to&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# pkginfo                            &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Solaris&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h2 id="softwareadd"&gt;Add/remove software&lt;/h2&gt; Front ends: yast2/yast for SuSE, redhat-config-packages for Red Hat. &lt;pre&gt;# rpm -i pkgname.rpm                 &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# install the package (RH, SuSE, RPM based)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# rpm -e pkgname                     &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Remove package&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h3&gt;Debian&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;pre&gt;# apt-get update                     &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# First update the package lists&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# apt-get install emacs              &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Install the package emacs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# dpkg --remove emacs                &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Remove the package emacs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h3&gt;FreeBSD&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;pre&gt;# pkg_add -r rsync                   &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Fetch and install rsync.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# pkg_delete /var/db/pkg/rsync-xx    &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Delete the rsync package&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; Set where the packages are fetched from with the &lt;code&gt;PACKAGESITE&lt;/code&gt; variable. For example: &lt;pre&gt;# export PACKAGESITE=ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages/Latest/&lt;br /&gt;# or &lt;a href="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-6-stable/Latest/" title="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-6-stable/Latest/"&gt;ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-6-stable/Latest/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h3&gt;FreeBSD ports&lt;/h3&gt; The port tree &lt;code&gt;/usr/ports/&lt;/code&gt; is a collection of software ready to compile and install. The ports are updated with the program &lt;code&gt;portsnap&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;pre&gt;# portsnap fetch extract             &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Create the tree when running the first time&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# portsnap fetch update              &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Update the port tree&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# cd /usr/ports/net/rsync/           &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Select the package to install&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# make install distclean             &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Install and cleanup (also see man ports)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# make package                       &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Make a binary package for the port&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h2 id="librarypath"&gt;Library path&lt;/h2&gt;Due to complex dependencies and runtime linking, programs are difficult to copy to an other system or distribution. However for small programs with little dependencies, the missing libraries can be copied over. The runtime libraries (and the missing one) are checked with &lt;code&gt;ldd&lt;/code&gt; and managed with &lt;code&gt;ldconfig&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;pre&gt;# ldd /usr/bin/rsync                 &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# List all needed runtime libraries&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# ldconfig -n /path/to/libs/         &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Add a path to the shared libraries directories&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# ldconfig -m /path/to/libs/         &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# FreeBSD&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# LD_LIBRARY_PATH                    &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# The variable set the link library path&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div id="convert"&gt; &lt;h1&gt;&lt;a&gt;Convert Media&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h1&gt; Sometimes one simply need to convert a video, audio file or document to another format. &lt;h2 id="encoding"&gt;Text encoding&lt;/h2&gt; Text encoding can get totally wrong, specially when the language requires special characters like àäç. The command &lt;code&gt;iconv&lt;/code&gt; can convert from one encoding to an other. &lt;pre&gt;# iconv -f &lt;from_encoding&gt; -t &lt;to_encoding&gt; &lt;input_file&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# iconv -f ISO8859-1 -t UTF-8 -o file.input &gt; file_utf8&lt;br /&gt;# iconv -l                           &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# List known coded character sets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; Without the -f option, iconv will use the local char-set, which is usually fine if the document displays well. &lt;h2 id="newlines"&gt;Unix - DOS newlines&lt;/h2&gt; Convert DOS (CR/LF) to Unix (LF) newlines within a Unix shell. See also &lt;code&gt;dos2unix&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;unix2dos&lt;/code&gt; if you have them. &lt;pre&gt;# sed 's/.$//' dosfile.txt &gt; unixfile.txt&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; Convert Unix to DOS newlines within a Windows environment. Use sed from mingw or cygwin. &lt;pre&gt;# sed -n p unixfile.txt &gt; dosfile.txt&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h2&gt;PDF to Jpeg and concatenate PDF files&lt;/h2&gt; Convert a PDF document with &lt;code&gt;gs&lt;/code&gt; (GhostScript) to jpeg (or png) images for each page. Also much shorter with &lt;code&gt;convert&lt;/code&gt; (from ImageMagick or GraphicsMagick). &lt;pre&gt;# gs -dBATCH -dNOPAUSE -sDEVICE=jpeg -r150 -dTextAlphaBits=4 -dGraphicsAlphaBits=4 \&lt;br /&gt;-dMaxStripSize=8192 -sOutputFile=unixtoolbox_%d.jpg unixtoolbox.pdf&lt;br /&gt;# convert unixtoolbox.pdf unixtoolbox-%03d.png&lt;br /&gt;# convert *.jpeg images.pdf          &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Create a simple PDF with all pictures&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; Ghostscript can also concatenate multiple pdf files into a single one. &lt;pre&gt;# gs -q -sPAPERSIZE=a4 -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -sOutputFile=all.pdf \&lt;br /&gt;file1.pdf file2.pdf ...              &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# On Windows use '#' instead of '='&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h2&gt;Convert video&lt;/h2&gt; Compress the Canon digicam video with an mpeg4 codec and repair the crappy sound. &lt;pre&gt;# mencoder -o videoout.avi -oac mp3lame -ovc lavc -srate 11025 \&lt;br /&gt;-channels 1 -af-adv force=1 -lameopts preset=medium -lavcopts \&lt;br /&gt;vcodec=msmpeg4v2:vbitrate=600 -mc 0 vidoein.AVI&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; &lt;h2&gt;Copy an audio cd&lt;/h2&gt; The program &lt;a href="http://xiph.org/paranoia/" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;code&gt;cdparanoia&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="fn"&gt;http://xiph.org/paranoia/&lt;/span&gt; can save the audio tracks (FreeBSD port in audio/cdparanoia/), &lt;code&gt;oggenc&lt;/code&gt; can encode in Ogg Vorbis format, &lt;code&gt;lame&lt;/code&gt; converts to mp3. &lt;pre&gt;# cdparanoia -B                      &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Copy the tracks to wav files in current dir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# lame -b 256 in.wav out.mp3         &lt;span class="cmt"&gt;# Encode in mp3 256 kb/s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# for i in *.wav; do lame -b 256 $i `basename $i .wav`.mp3; done&lt;br /&gt;# o
